Honggeer Obo

Honggeer Obo is the largest obo on the Ulanqab Grassland. Obo, a Mongolian term, means “pile” and can also be translated as “nao bao” or “o bo,” referring to piles of wood, stone, or earth. These are man-made “stone piles,” “earth piles,” or “wooden block piles.” In the past, they were widespread across Mongolia, mostly made of stones or sand, and sometimes constructed with tree branches, though their numbers have greatly decreased today. Originally, they served as markers for roads and boundaries on the vast grasslands, but over time evolved into symbols for worshiping mountain deities, road spirits, and praying for a good harvest, family happiness, and safety.

The history of the obo originates from the Mongolian tradition of worshipping mountains and springs since ancient times. It is forbidden to dig soil, take stones, or pull grass at will in order to preserve the original appearance of the grassland. Historically, various Mongolian tribes also built stone piles made of rocks to commemorate heroes who bravely sacrificed their lives in battle—these are also sacred resting places for their spirits. Obo often contain the relics of heroes. They also serve as altars where grassland people pray to the heavens for rain, as well as landmarks along camel caravan routes. After the introduction of Buddhism, ritual activities became intertwined with religious practices, adding significant religious elements to the original ceremonial content. The solemn obo worship rituals conducted by herders express hopes for peace, favorable weather, and healthy livestock. During these times, Nadam festivals are typically held at the foot of the obo.

There are two legends about Honggeer Obo. One is related to filial piety, where a herdsman received help from the obo to save his sick mother. The other tells of soldiers going to war who prayed for victory and safety. The obo worship ceremony is held annually on the 18th day of the fifth lunar month. During the ceremony, surrounding herders bring offerings and place them in front of the obo (while lamas chant scriptures and blow horns, and incense is burned). The herders face the main altar, kneel around the obo, and pray for blessings to ensure the prosperity of both people and livestock. Finally, all participants walk around the obo three times in a clockwise direction. After the obo worship ceremony, traditional activities such as horse racing, archery, and wrestling are held.