Benghazi

Benghazi

Benghazi is a port city located on the coast of the Gulf of Sidra in northern Libya. It is the country’s second-largest city and the capital of the Benghazi District. Originally named Euesperides, the city was established during the ancient Greek era, and its name was derived from a figure who contributed to the city’s prosperity at the time. Benghazi is located in northeastern Libya, west of the Gulf of Sirte on the Mediterranean Sea, and enjoys a Mediterranean climate with mild winters.

Since ancient times, Benghazi has been a trade hub for caravans traveling to the African interior. It was initially founded by the Greeks in the 5th century BC and later occupied by the Egyptians, Romans, Vandals, and Byzantines. From the 16th century onwards, it was ruled by the Ottomans for 300 years (1578–1911), and its current name was adopted in the 17th century. Between 1912 and 1942, it was under Italian occupation. During World War II, the city was fiercely contested between the Allies and the Axis powers, changing hands five times before finally being captured by British forces in November 1942. Today, Benghazi is one of the nation’s key economic and transportation centers, divided into old and new urban areas as well as inner and outer harbors. Nearby beaches produce salt, and the city has industries such as textiles, food processing, salt production, oil refining, chemicals, leather tanning, brewing, and fishing. It also hosts a large seawater desalination plant. The coastal federal highway passes through Benghazi, and a former railway connected it to Suluq and Marj. An international airport is located in Benina, about 32 kilometers east of the city. Benghazi is a popular destination for winter tourism and health retreats.