Punakha Dzong

Punakha Dzong is the oldest dzong in Bhutan and once served as the country’s capital, also known as the "Palace of Happiness." The term "Dzong" refers to fortress-monasteries that integrate administration, religion, and judiciary. Established in the early 17th century by Bhutan's first spiritual leader, Ngawang Namgyal, these structures functioned as both religious institutions and fortresses. Almost every major valley in Bhutan features a Dzong, serving as a stronghold against invasions. Punakha Dzong, built in 1636, is the second oldest dzong in the country. Bhutanese believe that the confluence of two rivers or paths is a sacred site where divine spirits gather. Located at the meeting point of the two main tributaries — the Mother River (Mo Chhu) and the Father River (Pho Chhu) — Punakha Dzong is exceptionally tranquil, with the gentle sound of flowing water. A large bodhi tree stands in the courtyard, its ancient branches towering overhead, while groups of young monks walk by, creating an atmosphere of profound serenity. Punakha Dzong (English: Punakha District) is one of the twenty dzongkhags (districts) in Bhutan, covering an area of 1,016 square kilometers, with a population of approximately 23,340, and its administrative center is Punakha.