Baise Horse
The Baise Horse is the most numerous local horse breed in Guangxi, China. There are two types: Tushan (earthen mountain) and Shishan (stony mountain) horses. It is known for being short, stout, compact, agile, gentle in temperament, highly adaptable, able to thrive on coarse feed, capable of carrying heavy loads, and possessing exceptional endurance. The current population exceeds 200,000, accounting for about 50% of all horses in Guangxi.
The Baise Horse, originally called the Baise Shishan Pony, was also historically referred to as the Guoxia Horse. Its main production area is Baise City in Guangxi, hence the name Baise Horse. It is a versatile draft, pack, and riding horse and is one of the fine local horse breeds in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It has been included in both the Chinese Livestock Breed Register and the Guangxi Livestock and Poultry Breed Register.
The Baise Horse has a dry and sturdy constitution. Its head is slightly heavy with a straight profile, a broad jaw hollow, small ears that stand upright, a medium-length neck that is either slightly arched or nearly horizontal. The withers are moderate, the ribs are well-sprung, the back and loin are straight, the belly is somewhat large, and the croup is slightly sloped. The shoulders are short and upright, with well-developed tendons and joints, solid bone structure, firm hooves, normal forelimb conformation, and mostly sickle-hocked hind limbs, some with outward curvature. The mane, forelock, and tail are abundant. The predominant coat color is bay, with other colors including black, chestnut, and dark coats. There are medium-sized and small-sized horses, with the small-sized being the only dwarf horse breed in China, standing at 1.1 meters tall. Adult measurements: Stallions stand 114 cm in height, 114 cm in body length, 134 cm in chest girth, and 16 cm in cannon bone circumference; mares measure 113 cm, 116 cm, 132 cm, and 15 cm respectively. Baise mares begin estrus at around 10 months old, with the initial breeding age at 2.5 years. They typically give birth once a year or every two years over three years. Stallion height at ages 1 to 4 years is 91.43%, 92.76%, 97.04%, and 99.20% of adult height, respectively; for mares, the corresponding figures are 93.41%, 95.41%, 95.57%, and 99.82%.
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Jianchang Horse
The Jianchang Horse is named after its primary production area in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. It is highly adaptable, especially to mountainous environments. It is compact, tough, nimble, and skilled at navigating mountainous terrain and crossing rivers. It can endure hard labor and is capable of long-distance transport. The Yi people in Liangshan annually hold horse racing festivals, which have added rich cultural and historical significance to the Jianchang Horse and have also contributed to the improvement of its breed quality.
The Jianchang Horse has a strong and dry constitution with a relatively small build. Its head is slightly heavy, often with a straight profile, bright and alert eyes, and small, flexible ears. The neck is slightly horizontal or slightly arched. The withers are slightly lower than the croup, though some may have withers level with or slightly higher than the croup. The chest is somewhat narrow, the back is flat, the loin is short and strong, the back-loin connection is good, and the croup is slightly short and sloped. The limbs are relatively slender, the shoulders are short and upright, the tendons are prominent, the hooves are small but firm, and the limb conformation is generally normal, with some outward orientation in the forelimbs and a tendency toward a knife-like shape in the hind limbs. The coat is short and dense all over, with abundant mane, forelock, and tail hair. The most common coat color is bay, followed by black. Average adult measurements are: stallions—height 116.0±5.6 cm, body length 118.2±7.2 cm, chest girth 131.5±7.0 cm, cannon bone circumference 15.7±1.2 cm, weight 215.9±29.5 kg; mares—height 114.1±4.6 cm, body length 115.5±6.5 cm, chest girth 129.5±6.9 cm, cannon bone circumference 14.6±0.9 cm, weight 205.3±27.5 kg.
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