There are many causes of falls, such as icy or slippery roads, oil stains, smooth floors or loose carpets, uneven surfaces, cluttered pathways, poor lighting, and more. Most falls can be avoided by staying alert and being cautious. Especially in winter, many people wear thick clothing that limits their ability to see their surroundings or watch where they’re stepping, increasing the risk of accidents. Elderly individuals and those in poor health should limit outdoor activities or go out accompanied by younger, healthier companions. In snowy or rainy weather, seniors should avoid going out if possible. When heading out is necessary, wear shoes with good slip resistance. Avoid wearing hats that cover your eyes or ears. Don’t keep your hands in your pockets — keeping them free allows better balance. Be careful when getting on or off vehicles; avoid jumping or taking large steps, and try to hold onto handrails. Slow down when walking on dimly lit paths or stairs.
If you do fall, try to protect vulnerable parts of your body such as your head, neck, and waist. As you’re about to fall, use your arms to cushion the impact. If you’re falling backward, tuck your chin in to prevent serious head injury. Once you’ve fallen, don’t panic — first roll over to land on your stomach. If you’re at home, crawl toward a stable piece of furniture like a sofa, kneel, then push yourself up using your arms and legs to sit on the sofa. If you’re outside, look for something to support yourself or ask passersby for help. Those who are seriously injured and unable to move should pay special attention to staying warm, and quickly use a mobile phone or ask someone to call “120” for emergency assistance.