Dongxiafeng Site

　　Era: Neolithic to Shang Dynasty

　　Address: Dongxiafeng Village, about 15 km north of Xia County

　　The site is situated on the terraces along both the northern and southern banks of the Qinglong River in the northeast of Dongxiafeng Village, covering an area of approximately 250,000 square meters. It was discovered during an archaeological survey in the spring of 1959. From 1974, a joint excavation was conducted by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the National Museum of Chinese History, and the Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Work Committee, lasting five years.

　　The site is divided into six phases, among which Phases I to IV belong to the Dongxiafeng-type cultural remains. Remains include ash pits, houses, tombs, wells, trenches, and pottery kilns.

　　Artifacts are mainly pottery, with types including sandy gray pottery, sandy brown pottery, clayey gray pottery, clayey brown pottery, and other mixed-color pottery. The decorative patterns are predominantly rope impressions, supplemented by string patterns, appliqué bands, plain-surfaced pottery, and basket patterns. Major vessel types include: li tripods, ding tripods, deep-bellied jars, small-mouthed zun vessels, large-mouthed zun vessels, single-handled jars, deep-bellied basins, vessel lids, shoulder-rimmed jars, steamers, narrow-mouthed urns, egg-shaped three-legged urns, cups, and more. Phases I to IV of the Dongxiafeng Site are largely consistent in age with Phases I to IV of the Erlitou Culture, classified as the Dongxiafeng-type or Dongxiafeng-type culture of the Erlitou Culture. The Dongxiafeng Site lies within the area historically recorded as the "Ruins of Xia," and its general timeframe also falls within the period attributed to the Xia Dynasty, making it of great significance for the exploration of Xia culture.

　　Phases V to VI of the Dongxiafeng Site correspond to the Erligang Period of the Shang Dynasty. There are remains of a Shang-era ancient city and a series of orderly circular house foundations, with artifacts mainly comprising pottery.