Baku

Baku

Baku is the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan, a major port on the Caspian Sea, and the largest city in the South Caucasus. It is located on the southern part of the Absheron Peninsula on the western shore of the Caspian Sea, covering an area of 2,192 square kilometers with a population of nearly 3 million (2008). Baku consists of 10 administrative districts and 46 towns. The average temperature in January is 4°C, and in July it is 27.3°C. Azerbaijan is rich in oil and cotton, which Azerbaijanis proudly call "black gold and white gold." The national emblem of the republic features oil derricks and cotton bolls, symbols of the country’s two major economic pillars.

Baku is an ancient city with a long history, home to many historic landmarks such as the 11th-century Synyk Kala Mosque Tower, the 12th-century Qiz Qalasi Tower, the 13th-century Bayil Fortress, the 15th-century Shirvanshahs’ Palace, and the 17th-century Khan’s Palace, all of which are well preserved. The highest part of Baku, towering above the harbor, is famous for its beautiful palace known as the Shirvanshahs’ Palace (or “Shah’s Palace”). It is truly built on a prominent cliff, exuding royal luxury and extraordinary splendor. Everything is made of gleaming, smooth-cut stone, intricately fitted together so seamlessly that the joints are invisible from any angle.