The Liangshan Relic Cluster

The Liangshan Relic Cluster

The Liangshan Relic Cluster is a cultural relic protection unit of Chaoyang District.

The Liangshan Relic Cluster is located on the southern foothills of Liangshan in the middle reaches of the Jinxī River, Xiancheng Town, Chaoyang District. It includes multiple archaeological sites such as Jiudouwei Mountain, Hulushan Mountain, Zoushuiling Mountain, Chiniu Mountain, Fenjikeng Mountain, Zuoxuanguan Mountain, and Yuedi Mountain. The relics date from the Neolithic Age to the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Discovered in 1955, the site has since undergone trial excavations. The Neolithic cultural layer unearthed a majority of pottery—over 90% of which is sandy clay pottery—including ding (cauldrons), guan (jars), dou (bean-shaped vessels), tripod cauldrons with bowl-like bodies, and spinning whorls. The designs were mostly plain, though some featured cord marks, basket weave patterns, appliqué, meander patterns, and grid patterns. The tile-shaped ding feet found at Jiudouwei Mountain may reflect influences from the Shixia Culture of northern Guangdong. At the Zuoxuanguan Mountain site, eight hearths and a 3 cm thick compact brownish-grey hard earth surface were uncovered—traces of ancient human habitation. Stone tools mainly included axes and adzes. Chiniu Mountain also yielded chipped disc-shaped chopping tools, which may date back even earlier. The Yuedi Mountain site contained glazed pottery dou, concave-bottom jars, and stone weapons such as ge (dagger-axes), spears, adzes, and chisels—but no cultural layer—suggesting it was likely a burial ground. The artifacts clearly belong to the Fubin Culture of the Shang and Zhou periods.

In 1992, the People's Government of Chaoyang County designated it as a cultural relic protection unit.