Cave Exploration Ascending System
Explanation of Ascending:
1. Working Principle of Handheld Ascenders: The inverted teeth allow movement only when force is applied upward.
2. Working Process of Handheld Ascenders: During ascent, the mechanical ascender and handheld ascender work in coordination—one locks while the other moves. When the handheld ascender and foot loop move upward together, the full body weight is supported by the chest ascender pressed against the chest. When the handheld ascender stops and the hands and feet act as the main support for pulling the body upward, the chest ascender rises along with the body to a new height. This cycle repeats.
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Explanation of MR and Cowstail for Cave Exploration
Maillon Rapide Explanation: This is a device similar in function to a carabiner, also about the size of a palm. Because it uses a screw gate, there is no risk of it accidentally opening due to unexpected force, making it safer than a carabiner. Additionally, without directional limitations, it can withstand pushing forces from all directions.
This is also superior to a carabiner.
Cowstail Explanation: This is a sturdy, slightly elastic rope. The pointed end is connected to the chest harness and sit harness via a Maillon Rapide, with both free ends fitted with carabiners. During single-rope technique operations, if there is any risk of falling, one of the cowstail’s free ends should be pre-connected to the cave rope or a fixed anchor via a carabiner. In the event of a fall, the elastic cowstail will catch the body while also reducing the impact of gravitational acceleration.
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Diagram of SRT Techniques for Cave Exploration
1. Cave Exploration Helmet Light
Composed of a battery-powered light, acetylene lamp, and helmet. For small caves, a mountaineering helmet and headlamp can be used as alternatives, but for large cave explorations, a specialized cave exploration helmet light is required.
2. Specialized Descender for Cave Exploration
Refer to the descender performance chart
3. Chest Harness
Use products from PETZL,
or make your own using nylon webbing
4. Chest Ascender
Use specialized products from PETZL or KONG
5. Screwgate Carabiner
Any screwgate carabiner certified as safe
6. MAILLON RAPID
Must be used to connect the cave harness,
and cannot be replaced by any type of carabiner
7. Cave Harness
Use a specialized cave harness
8. Carabiner
Any carabiner certified as safe
9. Cowstail Rope
Can be homemade using a dynamic rope with a diameter greater than 9 mm, but remember to use only dynamic rope. Alternatively, you can choose a specialized product with better shock absorption.
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10. Carbide Canister
A device that holds carbide blocks and water to produce acetylene gas.
11. Caving Pack
Often made of PVC material, which is wear-resistant and has a smooth exterior.
12. Handle Ascender
Use specialized products from PETZL or KONG.
13. Footloop
Can be homemade using 5.5 mm Kevlar or Spectra static rope, or you can choose a specialized product. However, remember not to use elastic dynamic rope. Using cords of other diameters also does not yield good results for ascending.
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