Benghazi

　　Benghazi is a port city situated on the shores of the Gulf of Sidra in northern Libya and is the country’s second-largest city as well as the capital of the Benghazi District. Originally named Euesperides, the city was established during the ancient Greek era, and its name was derived from a figure who contributed to its prosperity at the time. Benghazi is located in northeastern Libya, bordering the Gulf of Sirte on the west, and enjoys a Mediterranean climate with mild winters.

　　Since ancient times, Benghazi has been a trading hub for caravans traveling to the African interior. It was initially founded by the Greeks in the 5th century BC and later came under the control of the Egyptians, Romans, Vandals, and Byzantines. From the 16th century onward, it was ruled by the Ottomans for 300 years (1578–1911), and its current name was adopted in the 17th century. Between 1912 and 1942, it was occupied by Italy. During World War II, it was fiercely contested between the Allies and the Axis powers, changing hands five times before finally being captured by British forces in November 1942. Today, Benghazi serves as one of the nation’s key economic and transportation centers, comprising both old and new urban districts as well as inner and outer harbors. Nearby beaches produce salt, and the area supports industries such as textiles, food processing, salt production, oil refining, chemicals, leather tanning, brewing, and fishing. There is also a large-scale seawater desalination plant. The coastal federal highway passes through the city, and a former railway connected it to Suluq and Marj. An international airport is located in Benina, about 32 kilometers east of the city. Benghazi is a popular winter tourist destination and health resort.