Jiayin Soybeans

Jiayin Soybeans

Jiayin Soybeans are a product with a geographical indication for agricultural products.

　　Jiayin County is situated at the northern foot of the Lesser Khingan Mountains, within the lower limit of the fourth temperature zone in Heilongjiang Province. The county’s crop cultivation is mainly soybean-based. To promote high-yield soybean cultivation models, implement standardized and large-scale production, improve disaster resilience, and resolve constraints such as insufficient technology, low technological content, and low per-unit yield, the county has allocated 230,000 mu for high-yield soybean initiatives.

　　Nine high-yield demonstration sites covering 10,000 mu each have been established, including one national-level and eight county-level sites, ensuring every township has at least one demonstration point. These include 15,000 mu of core demonstration areas, 56,000 mu of demonstration zones, and 159,000 mu of radiation zones. Sixteen technical personnel from both county and township levels have been actively providing technical guidance in villages since the start of spring planting. The county and township finance departments jointly invested 260,000 yuan in high-yield soybean initiatives.

　　Geographical Scope

　　Jiayin Soybeans are produced in Jiayin County, Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province. The county administers three towns and six townships: Wuyun Town, Chaoyang Town, Wulaga Town, Changsheng Township, Hujia Township, Xiangyang Township, Hongguang Township, Qingshan Township, and Baoxing Township. The geographical coordinates are: 129°09′–130°45′ east longitude and 49°25′–48°07′ north latitude, with an average elevation of around 230 meters. Jiayin County borders Russia to the north across the Heilongjiang River. To the west, it neighbors Xunke County and Tangwanghe Forest Area via Changsheng, Hujia, and Qingshan townships. To the south, it connects with Hegang and Luobei through Wulaga and Baoxing. The protected area spans 150,000 hectares, with a total production area of 50,000 hectares and an annual output of 27,000 tons.

　　Natural Ecological Environment and Humanistic Historical Factors

　　(1) Soil and Topography: Jiayin County mainly features black calcium soil and sandy loam, with a pH value of around 6.5–7.5. The soil is fertile and suitable for farming. The terrain generally slopes from southwest to northeast, with the remaining ranges of the Lesser Khingan Mountains extending like chicken claws toward the Heilongjiang River. The land is crisscrossed with gullies, undulating hills, and interspersed plateaus and plains, with Shouhu Mountain located in the southwest.

　　(2) Hydrology: Jiayin County is rich in water resources. In addition to the 245-kilometer stretch of the Heilongjiang River flowing through the county, there are 26 rivers of varying sizes that directly empty into the Heilongjiang. The main water sources are Heilongjiang water and groundwater, both meeting the first-class standards of the Surface Water Environmental Quality GB3838 and the Drinking Water Standard GB5749. As an agricultural county primarily focused on crop farming and with almost no large industrial polluters, Jiayin maintains excellent water quality.

　　(3) Climate: Jiayin County lies within the temperate monsoon continental climate zone. Due to variations in terrain and topography, the climate differs significantly across the region, broadly divided into two microclimatic zones. The first is the mountainous microclimate zone, found in Qingshan Township and the southwestern parts of Hujia Township, the western part of Changsheng Township, most of Wulaga Town, the western part of Hongguang Township, and the southwestern part of Baoxing Township. Winters are long and cold, while summers are short and rainy. The accumulated temperature is around ≥1600°C, the frost-free period is about 90 days, and annual rainfall is approximately 530 mm. The second zone includes the northeastern part of Changsheng Township, Wuyun Town, Xiangyang Township, the eastern part of Hongguang Township, Chaoyang Town, and the eastern part of Baoxing Township. Winters here are harsh, with strong winds from Siberia, extreme cold, and dryness. The frost-free period is around 120 days, and annual rainfall is about 650 mm. The county-wide average frost-free period is 115 days, with annual rainfall at 588 mm and annual sunshine duration at 2,377 hours.

　　The variations result in significant climatic differences across Jiayin County, which can be broadly divided into two microclimatic zones. The first is the mountainous microclimate zone, located on the northern slope of the Lesser Khingan Mountains, including Qingshan Township, the southwestern part of Hujia Township, the western part of Changsheng Township, most of Wulaga Town, the western part of Hongguang Township, and the southwestern part of Baoxing Township.

　　This zone experiences long, cold winters and short, rainy summers. The accumulated temperature is around 1600°C (≥10°C), the frost-free period is about 90 days, and annual precipitation is approximately 530 mm. The second zone includes the northeastern part of Changsheng Township, Wuyun Town, Xiangyang Township, the eastern part of Hongguang Township, Chaoyang Town, and the eastern part of Baoxing Township. In this zone, cold air from Siberia sweeps in unimpeded, bringing strong winds, severe cold, and dry conditions. The frost-free period is around 120 days, and annual precipitation is about 650 mm. Across the entire county, the average frost-free period is 115 days, annual precipitation is 588 mm, and annual sunshine duration is 2377 hours.

　　(4) Humanistic and Historical Background: According to the 1992 county annals, Jiayin County has a relatively short history of agricultural development. Before liberation, most food for gold mining was imported. In 1927, among the county’s hundred-plus farming households, there were only slightly over 3,000 mu of cultivated land. After liberation, agricultural production developed rapidly. Cultivated land expanded from 41,700 mu in 1949 to 393,000 mu in 1985, and has now reached 1,316,200 mu. Major grain crops include soybeans and rice.

　　Production Technical Requirements

　　(1) Site Selection: Choose fertile, well-structured soil with fine, loose plow layers and level ground across all townships.

　　(2) Variety Selection: Opt for high-yield, high-quality, stress-resistant varieties that are well-suited to the local ecological conditions and have been officially reviewed and approved. Practice single-variety production. High-fat varieties include Heihe 38, Heihe 30, and Dongnong 44. Seeds must be carefully selected before sowing, with purity and cleanliness no less than 98% and germination rate no less than 85%.

　　(3) Production Process Management:

　　A. Crop Rotation and Land Preparation

　　Crop Rotation: Implement scientific rotation, primarily using corn, potatoes, and white melon as previous crops, while avoiding consecutive or returning crops. Land Preparation: Conduct summer or autumn plowing and ridging, or deep autumn tillage and ridging. Corn stubble with deep tillage foundation can be planted on the original ridges. The plowed land should feature fine, loose soil layers, level ground, with surface variation within 10-meter width not exceeding 3 cm, and soil clods over 5 cm in diameter limited to fewer than five per square meter—achieving optimal planting conditions.

　　B. Fertilization

　　Base Fertilizer: Determine fertilizer amount based on soil fertility and apply it all at once during land preparation. Seed Fertilizer: When using chemical fertilizer as seed fertilizer, determine the application rate based on soil diagnostics, adhering to maximum limits. Apply 75 kg of diammonium phosphate per hectare, placing it 4–5 cm below the seed, ensuring seed and fertilizer are not applied at the same level to avoid seed burn. Foliar Fertilizer: Apply foliar feed if soybean growth is weak in early stages, during initial flowering. Use 10 kg of urea and 1.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per hectare, dissolved in 500 kg of water and sprayed.

　　C. Sowing

　　Sowing Time: Sow early within the appropriate window to ensure quality, between May 10 and May 28. Sowing Method: Use 66.7 cm wide rows with double-row precision sowing on the ridges. Seeding Rate: Adjust density according to terrain, soil fertility, moisture, and variety traits, calculating seeding volume with error no more than 3%. Sowing Quality: Overall seeding error should not exceed 2%, individual row error no more than 3%, seeds distributed uniformly (no seed gaps over 20 m); row spacing and opener errors under 1 cm and 5 cm respectively. Seeding depth of 3–5 cm, consistent soil cover, and timely post-sowing compaction.

　　D. Field Management

　　Weeding and Cultivation: Perform deep tillage or one harrowing before first weeding after sowing; conduct weeding and cultivation three times, with one manual removal of large weeds. First cultivation depth: 15 cm; second no later than branching stage, depth 10–12 cm; third before ridge closure, hilling up to the first compound leaf node. Pest and Disease Control: In mid-June, apply 150–250 g of 50% pymetrozine powder mixed with 450–750 kg of water per hectare to control aphids. Around August 10, soak 30-cm straw sticks in 80% dichlorvos emulsion for 3 minutes to make poison sticks, placing 450–750 sticks per hectare to prevent soybean pod borer. Irrigation: During soybean flowering and pod-filling stages, irrigate appropriately using sprinklers, with 20–30 mm water quota per hectare each time. Spraying Equipment: Use nationally compliant tools to ensure pesticide efficacy and safety.

　　(4) Product Harvesting: Harvest when stems, leaves, and pods turn yellow, beans mature and round, and over 80% of leaves have fallen, using mechanical combine harvesters.

　　(5) Production Records: Maintain comprehensive field production records for the entire non-polluting soybean production process for future reference.

　　Typical Quality Characteristics and Product Quality Safety Standards

　　(1) External sensory characteristics: The soybean seeds are oval-shaped, with yellow seeds sized between 0.5-0.8mm.

　　(2) Internal quality indicators: JIAYIN soybeans are of superior quality, with a protein content of 40.57% and a fat content of 20.20%.

　　(3) Safety requirements: JIAYIN soybeans are strictly produced in accordance with the "Pollution-Free Food Soybean" standard NY5310-2005, strictly adhering to the pesticide use standards for pollution-free agricultural products GB1304/050-2001, strictly following the fertilizer application labeling standards for pollution-free agricultural products GB1304/051-2001, and fully complying with the regulations of the "Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Law."

　　Packaging, labeling, and related regulations

　　After harvest, JIAYIN County soybeans are uniformly packaged and stored. During storage, attention is paid to maintaining the warehouse, moisture-proofing, rodent control, insect prevention, and rodent deterrence. The products bear the "JIAYIN Soybeans" geographical indication for agricultural products.