Huanghuagang 72 Martyrs' Cemetery (Huanghuagang Park)

Huanghuagang 72 Martyrs' Cemetery (Huanghuagang Park)

Huanghuagang 72 Martyrs' Cemetery (Huanghuagang Park) is a national AAAA-level tourist attraction, a major historical and cultural site protected at the national level, a classic red tourism destination, and a patriotic education base.

Situated at the southern foot of Baiyun Mountain in the northern part of the city, covering an area of 160,000 square meters, it was built to commemorate the martyrs who sacrificed their lives during the uprising led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Tongmenghui in Guangzhou. On April 27, 1911, the Tongmenghui launched an uprising in Guangzhou. After its failure, a Tongmenghui member, Pan Guowei, risked his life to collect the remains of 72 martyrs scattered across the area, burying them at Honghua Hill. The site was later renamed “Huanghuagang,” with huanghua meaning chrysanthemums, symbolizing martyrdom and purity.

Huanghuagang 72 Martyrs' Cemetery

The Huanghuagang Cemetery faces south from the north, featuring grand and majestic architecture spread over an area of 130,000 square meters. Construction began in 1912, and the four characters “浩气长存” (Eternal Glory) written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen are engraved on the cemetery gate. The martyrs’ tombs are built atop the hill, with the Memorial Archway standing behind them. The tomb path is lined with lush pines and cypresses, creating a solemn and respectful atmosphere where chrysanthemums and the blood of martyrs blend in reverence. The park also includes structures such as an octagonal pavilion, a square pond, and stone bridges.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the government built a wall around the cemetery. In 1961, it was among the first group of sites designated as Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level by the State Council.

On April 27, 1911 (lunar March 29), the Tongmenghui led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen launched an uprising in Guangzhou to overthrow the Qing Dynasty but failed. Eighty-six people (some sources say over 100) sacrificed their lives heroically, including 29 overseas Chinese. A Tongmenghui member, Pan Dawei, risked his life to collect the remains of 72 martyrs scattered across the area and buried them at Honghua Hill (later renamed “Huanghuagang,” with huanghua meaning chrysanthemums, symbolizing martyrdom). This event is historically known as the “Huanghuagang 72 Martyrs.” The Huanghuagang Cemetery was established in 1912, and by 1921, the martyrs’ tombs and the Memorial Archway were completed. The four characters “浩气长存” (Eternal Glory) written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen are engraved on the cemetery gate. Upon entering, there is a spacious 200-meter-long tomb path. The martyrs’ tombs are built atop the hill and located in the center of the platform, with the Memorial Archway standing behind them. The tomb path is lined with lush pines and cypresses, setting a solemn and respectful scene where chrysanthemums and the blood of martyrs blend. The southern tomb path is a forest of steles inscribed with phrases such as “Spirit of Freedom” and “The Spirit Lives On,” each word heavy with profound meaning. Two over three-meter-tall high-relief blue stone dragon pillars from Lianzhou stand facing each other along the path.

The park covers an area of 160,000 square meters, featuring grand and majestic architecture. Along the 300-meter-long main stepped pathway, pines and cypresses are neatly arranged. The majestic main gate is a 13-meter-high memorial archway inscribed with the four large characters “浩气长存” (Eternal Glory) personally handwritten by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The park includes a tomb pavilion, mausoleum, Memorial Archway, and stele of merits. The stele of merits is inscribed with the historical background and the names of the martyrs, topped with a stone sculpture of the Goddess of Liberty holding a torch. The 72 martyrs’ tomb is situated on the hill, with the Memorial Archway standing behind it, crowned by a statue of the Goddess of Liberty. Beside the tomb stands a sturdy tree personally planted by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Revolutionary martyrs such as Pan Dawei, Deng Zhongyuan, Yang Xianyi, Feng Ru, and Shi Jianru are also buried here. The park also features Huanghua Well, Huanghua Pavilion, Silent Pool, Square Pond, Octagonal Pavilion, Huanghua Garden, and a tennis court service area.

In addition to the tomb of the 72 martyrs, the martyrs’ cemetery also houses the tombs of Feng Ru, known as the father of Chinese aviation and China’s first aircraft manufacturer and aviator; General Deng Zhongyuan; Yang Xianyi, hailed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen as the “Father of China’s Revolutionary Air Force”; Shi Jianru, referred to by Dr. Sun Yat-sen as the “Second Valiant Defender of the Republic”; and Vietnamese martyr Pham Hong Thai.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the government placed great emphasis on the development of the cemetery, constructing walls and strengthening preservation and protection efforts. In 1961, it was among the first group of sites designated as Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level by the State Council. In 1981 and 1986, the government allocated funds twice for renovation, bringing its glory back to life. In 1986, it was named one of the “Eight New Scenic Spots of Yangcheng,” known as “Huanghua Heroism.” Chen Yunhe’s poem “Huanghuagang” praises: “You are a readable yellow-covered book. Even if time flies by here, the punctuation marks remain stained with crimson blood.”

Tomb of Wang Chang

Tomb of Deng Zhongyuan

Transportation: Take bus routes 6, 10, 11, 16, 27, 65, 122, 223, 72, or 192 and get off at Huanghuagang Station. You can also visit after descending from Baiyun Mountain.

Shrine of Mr. Shi Jianru

Opening Hours: 6:30 AM – 8:00 PM

Tomb of Liang Guoyi

Tomb of Pan Dawei

Address: Huanghuagang Park, No. 79 Xianlie Middle Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City

Tomb of Pham Hong Thai

Martyr Yang Xianyi's Vice Admiral Tomb Park

Type: Cemetery / Graveyard

Rating: AAAA

Recommended Visit Duration: 3 hours

Phone: 020-87326604

Official Website: http://www.72martyrs.com.cn

Ticket Information:

Free admission.

Address: No. 79 Xianlie Middle Road

Yu Peilun (1886–1911), a democratic revolutionary in the late Qing Dynasty, was of Han ethnicity and native to Neijiang City, Sichuan Province.

In the 31st year of the Guangxu reign (1905), he studied in Japan, joining the Tongmenghui (Chinese Revolutionary Alliance) in the 34th year (1908). Specializing in chemistry, he developed bombs and organized an assassination squad. He attempted to assassinate both Liangjiang Viceroy Duanfang and Regent Zaifeng but failed. In the spring of 1911, under Huang Xing’s command, he joined revolutionaries such as Lin Juemin and Fang Shengdong in storming the Guangdong Governor's Office. Captured, he faced execution calmly at age 25, becoming one of the 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang.

Family Background

Yu Peilun, courtesy name Yunji, Qing Guangxu... Yu Peilun Detailed Info++

Fang Shengdong (1886–1911), courtesy name Ziming, was from Houguan County (modern-day Fuzhou). In 1902, during the 28th year of Guangxu, he traveled to Japan to study at Tokyo’s Seijo Army School. The following year, he joined the "Anti-Russian Volunteer Army." In 1905 (31st year of Guangxu), he became one of the first members of the Tongmenghui founded by Sun Yat-sen in Tokyo. Soon after, he returned to Fuzhou, establishing a reading room to promote revolutionary ideas. The next year, he went back to Japan, enrolling in Chiba Medical College to study chemistry and bomb-making. In 1908 (34th year of Guangxu)... Fang Shengdong Detailed Info++

Chen Gengxin (1890–1911), courtesy names Zhusan or Gengxing, was from Min County (modern-day Fuzhou), Fujian. A modern democratic revolutionary, he lost his parents at a young age and lived with his sister, enduring hardship. At 11, he entered the Houguan Higher Elementary School, befriending Chen Yushen and Chen Kejun. Graduating in 1905, he soon traveled to Japan, studying at the Jūdan Physical Education Association. By day, he learned equestrianism and military drills; by night, mathematics and English and Japanese languages. Returning to China, he taught math and gymnastics at Chengnan Elementary School... Chen Gengxin Detailed Info++

Lin Juemin (1887–1911), courtesy name Yidong, also known as Diaofei or Tianwaisheng, was a Han Chinese from Minhou, Fujian. From youth, he embraced democratic revolutionary ideals and advocated for freedom and equality. In 1908, he joined the Tongmenghui, becoming a key member of its 14th branch (Fujian Branch). In 1911, he traveled to Hong Kong then returned to Fujian to gather revolutionaries and plan the Guangzhou Uprising. Wounded and captured during the uprising, he was executed that same evening at age 24, becoming one of the “72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang.” He wrote “Letter to Father” and “Letter to Wife...” Lin Juemin Detailed Info++

Li Wan (1873–1911), courtesy names Wanjun or Wanfa, was born into a poor farming family. At 8, he attended private school, showing intelligence and integrity. At 12, he quit school to farm. At 22, he married a woman from Bai Zhu, Gaoyao County, but within a year, moved to Hong Kong to work as a tailor.

In Hong Kong, influenced by patriotic figures, Li Wan developed democratic revolutionary ideals. Learning that Chinese revolutionaries were active in Nanyang (Southeast Asia), he went to Kuala Lumpur to seek salvation for the nation, joining the Chinese Youth Association.

In the 25th year of Guangxu... Li Wan Detailed Info++

Li Yannan, also known as Qun, was from Xinmin Xiningli, Leyue (some say Kaiping). His father, Li Yunxi, had eight sons, and he was the sixth. Coming from a poor family, he was generous and chivalrous. As a youth, he worked as a boatman, joined a bandit group, and was hunted by Qing authorities, fleeing to Hong Kong where he joined the Triads. Later, his family moved to Nanyang, settling in Penang where he taught at a Chinese school. Introduced to Sun Yat-sen by revolutionary Xue Nan, he devoted himself to the revolution. He later traveled with revolutionaries to Yunnan and Myanmar, eventually moving to Myanmar to run a small business and cultivate spices. In 1908 (34th year of Guangxu), he joined... Li Yannan Detailed Info++

Luo Zhonghuo (1881–1911), given name Zhang, courtesy name Zejun, was from Lianfeng Village, Baihua Town. His granduncle, Luo Tian, was a rebel general during the Taiping Rebellion.

Orphaned of his father in childhood, Luo Zhonghuo was raised by his mother Yang and three brothers, with him as the eldest. Their livelihood depended on his mother’s tailoring. Supported by relatives, he attended a rural private school. Gifted and respectful to teachers, he excelled academically. With wide-ranging interests, especially literature, he was praised for his vivid writing, dubbed... Luo Zhonghuo Detailed Info++

Zhou Zeng (1892–1911)

Zhou Zeng, courtesy name Nengyi, was one of the 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang in Guangzhou. Originally from Xie Xing Zhouwu, Songkou, Meizhou, he was upright and skilled in martial arts. At 15, he quit school to help his father run a timber business in Songkou. In 1908 (34th year of Guangxu), he worked at the “Gongyuyuan Rice Shop,” a secret Tongmenghui communications hub, and joined the alliance. When Yao Yuping, Zhang Lucun, and Wen Jinghou established the “Songkou Sports School” at Wenjulou, he assisted... Zhou Zeng Detailed Info++

Yu Dongxiong (1893–1911), from Foshan, was born into a Malaysian Chinese family. His father, Yu Guangjin, was a wealthy businessman in Perak, Nanyang. Patriotic, Yu Dongxiong hoped for reform and prosperity in China. In 1908 (34th year of Guangxu), when the Tongmenghui recruited in Perak, 15-year-old Yu and his friend Guo Jiquan joined. In 1910 (2nd year of Xuantong), when the Tongmenghui mobilized overseas Chinese youth to return for the Guangzhou Uprising planned by Sun Yat-sen, Yu and Guo... Yu Dongxiong Detailed Info++

Guo Jimai, from Fudi, Zengcheng (now Fuhe Guantang Village, Zhongxin Town), was one of the 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang in Guangzhou.

Born in Bukit Besi, Perak, Malaysia, Guo Jimai attended primary school and Ipoh Yucail Academy, excelling academically. Raised as an only child after his mother’s early death, he was doted on. As revolution swept China and reached Nanyang, Guo heard Sun Yat-sen speak in Bukit Besi, embraced revolutionary thought, and witnessed Qing corruption firsthand, fostering deep concern for his homeland... Guo Jimai Detailed Info++

Cheng Liang (1883–1911), courtesy name Yuanliang, also called Liangyuan or Xueliang, was from Huaiyuan County. His father, Wanpeng, a bricklayer, was courageous and helped settle local disputes regardless of status. His mother, Lady Zhu, was from Zhixi, Huaiyuan. Poor in youth, Cheng was adopted by retired General Li Shaowu, who had no sons, due to ties with his father. Later, discriminated against, he reclaimed his birth surname. The second of four brothers, Cheng was well-read, strong, and upright, nicknamed “Dull Young Master.” At 19, he attended Anqing Army Primary School. In 1905 (31st year of Guangxu)... Cheng Liang Detailed Info++

Song Yulin (1879–1911), also called Yulin, courtesy name Jianhou, was from Huaiyuan County and a Tongmenghui member. As head of the secret “Yuewanghui” revolutionary group’s Huaiyuan branch, he was raised by stepmother Liu alongside his brother Fusheng. Grateful, he was very filial. Intelligent and poetic, he aced the imperial child examination at 15 but disliked officialdom. Witnessing Qing corruption and foreign aggression, he grew indignant. Joining forces with fellow Huaiyuan patriots... Song Yulin Detailed Info++

Shi Dewei (1885–1911), courtesy names Jingwu or Jingwu (also written as Jingwu), later named Jingwu, was from Shijiaji, Shouzhou. After the First Sino-Japanese War, disgusted by Qing corruption, he embraced anti-Manchu ideals. Amid reform debates and violent revolution, his patriotism grew. Influenced by his cousin Shi Dewenchun, who sent revolutionary books from Japan, he joined the revolutionary cause. In 1903 (29th year of Guangxu)... Shi Dewei Detailed Info++

Qin Bing (1882–1911), originally named Chang’en, courtesy names Suisheng or Binglie, was from Longtai Old Street, Longtai Town, Guang’an District, Guang’an City, Sichuan. A pioneer of the Xinhai Revolution and one of the 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang, Qin Bing’s 29-year life saw revolutionary activity across Sichuan, Yunnan, Hong Kong, and Guangdong. On April 27, 1911, he was killed in action during the Guangzhou Uprising (Huanghuagang Uprising).

Born in 1883 in Longtai Temple, Guang’an (now Longtai Town, Guang’an District, Guang’an City), Qin Bing showed brilliance in private school... Qin Bing Detailed Info++

Rao Guoliang (1888–1911), born in Dazu, Chongqing, was a modern Chinese democratic revolutionary. In 1907, seeking salvation, he joined Sun Yat-sen’s Tongmenghui and devoted himself to revolution. In 1911, dispatched by Huang Xing, he organized secret societies for the Guangzhou Uprising. On April 27, 1911, he was severely wounded and died heroically on April 30 at age 23.

Rao Guoliang, a modern Chinese democratic revolutionary, was born in 1888 in Dazu District, Chongqing. A Sichuanese... Rao Guoliang Detailed Info++

Wei Shumou, a Han Chinese from Pingnan, Guangxi, was one of the “Four Duxing Heroes” (alongside Wei Rongchu, Wei Tonghuai, and Wei Tongling). An early Tongmenghui member, he joined Huang Xing’s 1911 Guangzhou Uprising, was captured after outnumbered, and executed, buried in Huanghuagang Martyrs’ Cemetery as one of the 72 Martyrs.

His father, Wei Chang, served in the Taiping Army and was awarded military rank for bravery. Deeply influenced by his father’s admiration for the Taiping rebels’ courage, Wei Shumou... Wei Shumou Detailed Info++

Wei Rongchu, a Han Chinese born in 1879 in Pingnan, Guangxi (youngest of four brothers, brother of martyr Wei Shumou), was one of the “Four Duxing Heroes.” An early Tongmenghui member, he joined the April 27, 1911, Huanghuagang Uprising in Guangzhou, was captured after outnumbered, executed, and buried in Guangzhou’s Huanghuagang Martyrs’ Cemetery as one of the 72 Martyrs.

Birth Year: 1884

Date of Sacrifice: 1911-04-27

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region…… More details about Wei Rongchu++

Wei Tonghuai, male, Han ethnicity, born in 1879 in Pingnan, Guangxi. His courtesy name was Yiting. He was a native of Duxing Village, Danzhu Town, Pingnan County, Guangxi Province, and a modern democratic revolutionary martyr. Although Wei Tonghuai was a butcher by trade, he had a basic education and could recite primers such as the "Thousand Character Classic" and "Zhuzi Family Instructions" by heart. He was also tall and sturdy, capable of flipping a 200-jin (approximately 100 kg) pig onto the butcher’s block by himself, earning him the nickname “the strongman.”

His elder brother was Wei Shumou, also a martyr and one of the “Four Heroes of Duxing” (the four Shu brothers: Wei Shumou, Wei Rongchu, Wei Tonghuai, and Wei Tongling), who…… More details about Wei Tonghuai++

Wei Tongling (1877–1911), courtesy name Xiangquan, was a native of Duxing Village, Danzhu Town, Pingnan County, Guangxi Province, and a modern democratic revolutionary martyr. He originally worked as a preacher. His grandfather had joined the Taiping Rebellion, and the five brothers were known for standing up for justice, earning them the title “Five Tiger Generals.” Though blind in one eye, his good eye had extraordinary vision, enabling him to move swiftly at night — hence his nickname “One-Eyed Dragon.” However, he was also tall and immensely strong, able to carry a 200-jin load and lift a stone roller used for hulling grain with both hands. Influenced by his elders, he developed a deep hatred for evil from childhood, and harbored intense resentment toward the Qing court. He joined the Tongmenghui (Chinese Revolutionary Alliance) in 1905. In 1911, he followed…… More details about Wei Tongling++

Lin Shengchu (——-1911), Han ethnicity, was a native of Duxing Tun, Xinghua Village, Donghua Township, Pingnan County, Guangxi, and a modern democratic revolutionary martyr.

In the summer of 1910 (the second year of the Xuantong reign), Lin Shengchu, along with Li Deshan from Luocheng and Wei Wuzhou from Cenxi, went to Duxing Tun, Xinghua Village, Donghua Township, Pingnan County, under the pretext of teaching martial arts, to connect with like-minded individuals and promote the revolution. In late April 1911 (the third year of the Xuantong reign), Lin Shengchu and 28 other patriots from Pingnan County traveled to Guangzhou in two groups to join the uprising led by Li Deshan. On April 27 (the 29th day of the third lunar month), the Huanghuagang Uprising was launched. They followed Huang Xing in attacking the Guangdong-Guangxi Viceroy's Office.…… More details about Lin Shengchu++

Li Deshan, male, born in 1868, was an early Chinese bourgeois revolutionary. He joined the Chinese Tongmenghui in 1907, participated in the Guangzhou Uprising planned by Huang Xing and others in 1911, was captured after the uprising failed, and died a heroic death. He is buried in the Huanghuagang Martyrs' Cemetery and is one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs.

In 1894, he completed his martial arts training at the Shaolin Temple in Guangdong and later made a living teaching martial arts in Guiping, Guangxi. In 1897, he moved with his parents and younger brother Dewei to Long’an, Luocheng County. In 1898, he organized a “0 Society” in Long’an under the guise of teaching martial arts, and engaged in anti…… More details about Li Deshan++

Feng Chaixiang (1880–1911), originally named Jing, courtesy names Yucang or Yuzhuang, was a Han Chinese from Houguan, Fujian (now Fuzhou) (recorded as Nanping, Fujian on the Huanghuagang Memorial Monument). After the Boxer Rebellion, he went to Nanjing to attend the Nanyang Naval Academy to study naval science but dropped out due to illness. Later, he went to Changmen (now Lianjiang, Fujian) to enroll in a fortress artillery school. After graduation, he went to Beijing, passed the ministry examination ranking fourth, and was appointed as an assistant military officer. He soon returned to Fujian and served at the Minjiang River estuary fort. In the spring of 1911 (the third year of the Xuantong reign), learning that major actions would take place in Guangzhou, he went to Hong Kong and then proceeded to Guangzhou. On April 27, during the uprising (Huanghuagang…… More details about Feng Chaixiang++

Luo Nailing (1880–1911), courtesy name Wanlin, was a native of Pandu Township, Lianjiang County, Fujian Province, and a modern democratic revolutionary martyr. He was quiet-spoken, loved reading over pursuing official careers, had no interest in fame or profit, enjoyed history, and often criticized China’s lack of scientific advancement, blaming it on Confucian scholars of the Han and Song dynasties. When local autonomous councils were established in counties during the late Qing, some tried to persuade him to join, but he refused with a smile, saying everyone has their own path. In 1906, he joined the Restoration Society (Guangfuhui). On April 27, 1911 (the 29th day of the third lunar month in the Xinhai year), he and other revolutionaries, under the leadership of Huang Xing, bravely attacked the Guangdong-Guangxi Viceroy’s Office. He was shot and killed in street fighting…… More details about Luo Nailing++

Zhuo Qiuyuan (1882–1911), male, Han ethnicity, was born in 1882 in Fujian’s Lianjiang County and was the fourth child among his siblings. He participated in the Guangzhou Uprising led by Huang Xing in 1911, sacrificed heroically at the age of 29, and is buried in the Huanghuagang Martyrs’ Cemetery, being one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs.

He was from Yuanao Natural Village, Lanxia Administrative Village, Changlong Township. His father, Zhuo Youchuan, had five children, with Qiuyuan being the fourth and sixth in the clan lineage, also called Yiliu. His parents were poor farmers but placed great emphasis on raising their children. Qiuyuan attended private school in his youth, developing a habit of both studying and farming…… More details about Zhuo Qiuyuan++

Huang Zhongbing, male, Han ethnicity, was born in 1867 in Lianjiang, Fujian. Together with fellow villagers Huang Ke’an, Zeng Shouhui, and Huang Ruisheng, he organized the Restoration Society at Qipan Hall in Toubao, his hometown. On April 27, 1911, he participated in the Guangzhou Uprising led by Huang Xing and others, was captured after the failure, and was executed the next day. Later, he was buried in the Huanghuagang Martyrs’ Cemetery by Pan Dawei at the age of 44, and is one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs.

Date of birth: 1867

Date of martyrdom: April 28, 1911

Due to poverty, he left school to farm and gathered herbs in the mountains during off-seasons, which built his resilience and endurance…… More details about Huang Zhongbing++

Wang Candeng (1875–1911), a native of Ximen Village, Toubao Township, Lianjiang County, Fujian Province, was a modern democratic revolutionary martyr.

He came from a farming family. Naturally frank and full of hatred for injustice, although he farmed, he grew up in an environment rich in martial spirit and revolutionary fervor. In his spare time, he enjoyed practicing martial arts and was highly skilled, often exchanging techniques with Huang Zhongbing and Zeng Shouhui. In 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign), he joined the Restoration Society and promoted revolutionary ideals tirelessly. Whenever discussing revolution, he would say: “Like a mountain collapsing, it won’t stop until it reaches flat land — I just don’t know when that day will come.” In 19…… More details about Wang Candeng++

Hu YingSheng (1872–1911), born into a poor farming family in Zhushan Village, Danyang Town, Lianjiang County. He was mild-mannered and got along well with others. Due to poverty, he did not receive formal schooling but loved martial arts. In his early years, he worked as a mason and later served as a navy soldier at Majiang. In 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign), YingSheng joined the Toubao Restoration Society with Huang Zhongbing, was influenced by progressive ideas, abandoned his masonry work, and actively engaged in the revolution. He frequently visited Dongtang Village to contact Wu Shi, a member of the Tongmenghui, interacted with many people, and traveled extensively across the county’s main towns to observe political…… More details about Hu YingSheng++

Lin Xihui (1885–1911), Han ethnicity, was a native of Zhushan Village, Danyang Town, Lianjiang County, Fujian Province, and a modern democratic revolutionary martyr. He was the youngest of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang.

Martyr Lin Xihui came from a farming family. He was straightforward and bold, enjoyed practicing martial arts, and at age 20 joined the Changmen Training Camp as a soldier. His excellent martial arts skills earned him the title of national martial arts instructor. During his military service, he became deeply indignant over the corruption of the Qing government and had already developed the ideological foundation for joining the revolution. After being discharged, he hunted with “One-Eyed Dragon Gun” Wei Jinlong and became close friends, exchanging martial arts and marksmanship techniques…… More details about Lin Xihui++

Lin Yinmin (1887–1911), courtesy name Jing’an, was from Minhou, Fujian, and one of the “Three Lins of Huanghuagang” (i.e., Lin Wen, Lin Juemin, and Lin Yinmin — all born in the same year, died in the same year for the founding of the Republic, and are jointly honored as the “Three Lins” martyrs of Huanghuagang). He was the cousin of the famous modern female writer Lin Huiyin. Orphaned of his mother at birth, he grew up dashing and ambitious. He enjoyed extravagance and was fond of drinking. He studied Shaolin martial arts and mastered its techniques. He loved hunting and once fought wild beasts in the mountains with his bare hands. As a youth, he read the “Records of the Three Kingdoms” and admired Zhang Fei’s character — one can imagine his bold spirit. His uncle, an official in Zhejiang, invited him to study there, where he attended the same school as Lin Wen and got along very well. He consistently excelled in coursework…… More details about Lin Yinmin++

Lin Shishuang (1887–1911), originally named Shishuang, courtesy name Guangchen, also known as Nansan, later changed his name to Lin Wen. He was from Houguan County (now Fuzhou), Fujian Province. He was the grandson of Lin Hongnian, the top imperial scholar and Viceroy of Yunnan. Orphaned of his mother in childhood, he followed his father to Zhejiang for schooling, was skilled in poetry and calligraphy. In 1903 (the 29th year of the Guangxu reign), he joined the Fujian Student Association. In 1905 (the 31st year), he entered the Seijo Military School in Japan to study military science, later switching to law. In August, he joined the Tongmenghui, serving as head of the 14th branch, manager of the “Min Bao” newspaper, and contributor to the “Zhongxing Daily.” He had close ties with Huang Xing, Zhao Sheng, and others, and participated in multiple armed uprisings…… More details about Lin Shishuang++

Liu Liufu (1887–1911), one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of the Guangzhou Huanghuagang Uprising. He was from Erliu Village, Tanzhou Town, Changle City, originally named Liu Feng, courtesy name Jianyu. The sixth of six brothers, he was also called Liufu. His ancestor, Desheng, was a successful candidate in the imperial examinations; his father, Shu, was a tribute student. Liufu was born into a scholarly family, attended local private school in childhood, entered Minxian School in 1902, and later tested into the Fujian Law and Politics School. Diligent and perceptive, he took it upon himself to serve the nation, pouring his aspirations into poetry and prose under the pen name “Re Xiao” (Hot Roar), symbolizing the passion burning within him vented through expression — contemporaries compared him to Qu Yuan. Witnessing the corruption of the Qing court, foreign aggression, and the loss of national rights and humiliation…… More details about Liu Liufu++

Liu Yuandong (1884–1911), courtesy name Zhongqun, was from Min County, Fujian. He came from a poor family in childhood and thus only attended private school for a few years. He was open-hearted, hated evil, was tall and strong, and skilled in boxing. Deeply dissatisfied with the corrupt governance and national humiliation of the Qing government, in 1900, he joined the secret society Fuhui’s Fuming Mountain Hall, becoming close friends with Lin Sichen. By the end of 1902, he joined the Gonghe Mountain Hall and became a key member. In 1904, he participated in the Tengshan Civilization Society established by leaders of the Gonghe Mountain Hall. On April 27, 1911, he took part in the Guangzhou Uprising led by Huang Xing and later achieved martyrdom…… More details about Liu Yuandong++

Wei Jinlong, male, Han ethnicity, was born in 1880 in Lianjiang, Fujian, blind in one eye since childhood, and nicknamed “One-Eyed Dragon.” He participated in the Guangzhou Uprising led by Huang Xing on April 27, 1911, was martyred, and is buried in the Huanghuagang Martyrs’ Cemetery. He is one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs.

Wei Jinlong (1880–April 27, 1911), whose family register name was Denglong, was from Lianjiang, Fujian. He was one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang, born into a farming family in Duxing Village, Danyang Town, Lianjiang County. His registered origin was Aoyun Village, Aojiang, and the current Aoyun Wei family genealogy still records his name and deeds. Jinlong was blind in one eye since childhood…… More details about Wei Jinlong++

Chen Kejun (1888–April 28, 1911), a modern Chinese democratic revolutionary and one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang. His courtesy name was Xiwu, also known as Shaoruo, from Houguan (now Fuzhou), Fujian. He studied at Shaanxi University Hall, entered the regular course at Hongwen Academy in Japan in 1905, returned to China angrily after the Japanese Ministry of Education issued the “Regulations to Control Chinese Students,” and went back to Japan again the following year. In the third year of the Xuantong reign, he returned to China to participate in the Guangzhou Uprising, attacked the viceroy’s office, fought to exhaustion, was captured, and died a martyr.

As a youth, he studied at Houguan Higher Elementary School, where he was classmates with Chen Yushen and Chen Gengxin…… More details about Chen Kejun++

Chen Yushen (1888–1911), from Min County, Fujian, was a modern Chinese democratic revolutionary. In 1904, when the Russo-Japanese War broke out, he resented the incompetence of the Qing government and joined the press, taking charge of editorial duties. His opinions, unfavorable to the Qing court, led to censorship. In 1908, he went to Waseda University in Japan to study law and joined the Chinese Tongmenghui. In 1910, angered by Sheng Xuanhuai’s use of foreign capital for personal gain in railway construction, Chen Yushen plotted to assassinate Sheng but failed. In the spring of 1911, hearing that major action would occur in Guangzhou, he rushed to Hong Kong and was sent to Taiwan to raise funds. On April 27, 1911, during the Guangzhou…… More details about Chen Yushen++

Chen Qingchou (1882–1911) was born into a farming family in Xinyang Village, Danyang Town, Lianjiang County. From a young age, he worked in agriculture, known for his diligence and simplicity. He possessed a strong sense of national identity and took a keen interest in political and current affairs. Chen had a passion for martial arts and had a solid foundation, capable of fighting off more than ten people barehanded. His hometown had the tomb of Lin Guoxian, a hero who resisted the Qing dynasty, and whenever Chen spoke of Lin’s anti-Qing deeds, he would express his own revolutionary aspirations. Many villagers mocked him for not being content with a quiet life, but he never felt inferior as an ordinary person. Instead, he explained the greater cause of revolution to the people. In the 34th year of the Guangxu reign (1908), Chen Qingchou invited Chen Fayan to join the "Revive China Society" (Guangfu Hui). Thereafter… More details about Chen Qingchou ++

Chen Fayan, male, Han ethnicity, from Lianjiang, Fujian, was born in the 7th year of the Guangxu reign (1881). He died heroically on April 27, 1911, while participating in the Huanghuagang Uprising launched in Guangzhou, and was buried in the Huanghuagang Martyrs' Cemetery, being one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs.

Birth and death dates: 1881 – 1911-04-27

Chen Fayan (1881–1911) was born into a farming family in Xinyang Village, Danyang Town, Lianjiang County. From childhood, he worked in agriculture, known for his honesty, simplicity, and reserved nature, though he harbored ideals and aspirations within. He enjoyed martial arts and practiced diligently, often referred to as… More details about Chen Fayan ++

Xu Peiliu participated in the 1911 Revolution on March 29, 1911. After the attack on the Governor-General's Office during the “3.29” uprising, he followed Xu Weiyang to resist enemies on Sihou Street and Dashiqiao Street, engaging in a protracted battle. The fighting extended to Erpaifang and other areas where he was wounded. Later, to preserve revolutionary strength, Weiyang instructed Peiliu and six others to return home with their injuries for recovery. As they slowly traveled along the Canton–Hankow Railway, near the Gao Tang Railway Bridge close to Jiangcun, they suddenly encountered enemy soldiers. At that point, having run out of ammunition and with injuries, they could no longer fight. They hurriedly threw their weapons off the bridge into the river but were discovered by the enemy and captured, then sent to… More details about Xu Peiliu ++

Xu Liming (1888–1911)

Place of origin: Xinghuadian, Daxia Brigade, Xinhua Town, Guangzhou

Birth and death dates: 1888 – 1911-04-27

Xu Liming participated in the 1911 Revolution on March 29, 1911. During the Guangzhou Huanghuagang Uprising, he charged at the front steps of the Governor’s Office during the assault and was shot and killed. He was one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang. … More details about Xu Liming ++

Martyr Xu Ripeng (1882 – 1911-04-27) was from Sanhua Village, Huadu District (formerly Huaxian County), Guangdong Province, and was a modern democratic revolutionary martyr.

On November 13, 1910 (the 2nd year of the Xuantong reign), Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, and Zhao Sheng held a meeting of key members of the Tongmenghui in Penang on the Malay Peninsula, deciding to launch another armed uprising in Guangzhou. Huang Xing served as the commander-in-chief, establishing the uprising headquarters at No. 5, Xiaodongying, Yuehua Road. On April 27, 1911 (the 3rd year of the Xuantong reign, lunar calendar March 29), the uprising was launched in the afternoon. Huang Xing led… More details about Xu Ripeng ++

Xu Guangtao (—1911) was from Huadu District (formerly Huaxian County), Guangdong Province, and was a modern democratic revolutionary martyr.

On November 13, 1910 (the 2nd year of the Xuantong reign), Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, and Zhao Sheng held a meeting of key members of the Tongmenghui in Penang on the Malay Peninsula, deciding to launch another armed uprising in Guangzhou. Huang Xing served as the commander-in-chief, establishing the uprising headquarters at No. 5, Xiaodongying, Yuehua Road. On April 27, 1911 (the 3rd year of the Xuantong reign, lunar calendar March 29), the uprising was launched in the afternoon. Huang Xing led over 130 vanguard (commando) team members… More details about Xu Guangtao ++

Xu Linduan (1874–1911) was from Sanhua Village, Huadu District, Guangdong Province. On March 29, 1911, he participated in the 1911 Revolution and the Guangzhou Huanghuagang Uprising. During the assault on the Governor’s Office, Xu Linduan died heroically with his brain smeared across the corridor. He was one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang. … More details about Xu Linduan ++

Xu Maolian, place of origin: Huadu County, Guangdong

Birth and death dates: 1885 – 1911-04-27

During the “3.29” battle in 1911, he attacked the Viceroyalty of Liangguang, fought through to Erpaifang’s Huaqing Li, was surrounded by the enemy, and was killed by a stray bullet. He was one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang and one of the eighteen martyrs from Huadu County. … More details about Xu Maolian ++

Xu Songgen was born in Huadu District (formerly Huaxian County), Guangdong Province, and was a modern democratic revolutionary martyr.

An overseas Chinese from Annam (now Vietnam), worker. On April 27, 1911 (Xinhai, 3rd year of the Xuantong reign, lunar calendar March 29), after the launch of the Guangzhou Uprising (Huanghuagang Battle), as a member of Xu Weiyang’s detachment during the Huanghuagang Battle, he followed the detachment in attacking the Governor’s Office. He fought fiercely through the night, then moved to various locations. The next day, while proceeding to Gao Tang, he was captured by Qing soldiers. He openly declared his support for the revolution, chose death over surrender, and was executed by the Qing government at the age of 28. He was known as one of the “Five Xu Martyrs from Annam at Huanghuagang.” He was buried in… More details about Xu Songgen ++

Xu Manling (1861–1911) was from Sanhua Store, Sanhua Village, Xinhua Town, Huadu District (formerly Huaxian County), Guangdong Province, and was a modern democratic revolutionary martyr.

He participated in the 1911 Revolution on March 29, 1911, and died during the Guangzhou Huanghuagang Uprising, being one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang.

Born in 1861, he made his living primarily through farming and was a revolutionary farmer with leadership and command abilities. Most of the Huanghuagang martyrs were young, but Manling was already fifty years old when he took part in the 1911 battle, making him an “elder youth” among the martyrs. His revolutionary fervor was highly admirable… More details about Xu Manling ++

Xu Zhaoliang, place of origin: Xinghua Village, Daxia Village, Xinhua Town

Birth and death dates: 1887 – 1911-04-27

During the “3.29” battle in 1911, he followed Xu Paiyang in attacking the Governor’s Office, fought through to Feilaitemple, failed to take it, was wounded, and encountered the enemy at Gaotang’s Dadong Bridge, where he was killed. He was one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang and one of the eighteen martyrs from Huadu County. … More details about Xu Zhaoliang ++

Xu Peitian (?–1911) was from Huacheng District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. He had joined the Panyu–Huaxian Branch of the Tongmenghui and served as an executive member.

On April 27, 1911 (the 3rd year of the Xuantong reign), during the Guangzhou Uprising (Huanghuagang Battle), he followed the assault on the Governor’s Office, fearlessly faced danger, fought bravely to the death, and died at Yuansheng Rice Shop in Gaoyang Li. He was buried in Guangzhou’s Huanghuagang and was one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs. … More details about Xu Peitian ++

Xu Baosheng, place of origin: Sanhua Store Village, Xinhuashe Commune, Huadu County, Guangdong, birth and death dates: 1891 – 1911-03-29. He participated in the 1911 Revolution on March 29, 1911, and was one of the eighteen martyrs from Huadu County.

Xu Baosheng participated in the 1911 Revolution on March 29, 1911. After the attack on the Governor’s Office during the “3.29” battle, he followed Xu Weiyang in resisting enemies on Sihou Street and Dashiqiao Street, engaging in a protracted battle. The fighting extended to Erpaifang and other areas where he was wounded. Later, to preserve revolutionary strength, Weiyang instructed Peiliu and six others to return home with their injuries for recovery. They… More details about Xu Baosheng ++

Xu Lianhui was from Wuhua Village, Huadu County. An overseas Chinese from Annam, working in industry. During the “3.29” battle in 1911, he fought through to Feilaitemple and was wounded. Later, he followed Xu Weiyang through mountains and hills to Sanyuanli. Weiyang instructed him to return home with his injuries, but upon reaching Gaotang’s Dadong Bridge, he encountered enemy soldiers again and was tragically killed at the age of thirty-one.

One of the 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang.

…… Detailed information on Xu Lianhui ++

Xu Rongjiu (1872 – April 27, 1911), male, Han ethnicity, from Sanhuadian Village, Sanhua, Xinhua Town, was a revolutionary martyr.

He participated in the 1911 Revolution. During the “3.29” attack on the Governor-General’s Office, he fought his way to the Shengyuan Rice Shop at the entrance of Gaoyang Lane on Xiaobei Straight Street, where he used rice sacks to build fortifications and resisted fiercely, holding out for a full day and night. When ammunition ran out, he climbed over the wall to break through but was seriously wounded and disabled. He is one of the 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang and one of the 18 martyrs from Huaxian County. …… Detailed information on Xu Rongjiu ++

Xu Jinzhao (？–April 27, 1911), from Panyu, Guangdong, was a member of the Tongmenghui. A modern democratic revolutionary and one of the 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang. In his early years, he made a living in Penang, Malaysia, where he met Sun Yat-sen and joined the Tongmenghui. At the end of 1910, when Sun Yat-sen and others planned the Guangzhou Uprising, Xu Jinzhao rushed to Hong Kong to participate in the preparatory work for weapons and ammunition. The uprising in Guangzhou ended in failure, and Xu Jinzhao was shot dead in the crossfire. …… Detailed information on Xu Jinzhao ++

Xu Zhecheng, one of the 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang, was from Dahuavillage, Huaxian (now Huadu District, Guangzhou). He was only 30 years old when he died.

At 5:30 p.m. on April 27, 1911, Huang Xing led over 120 dare-to-die squad members straight to the Governor-General’s Office of Guangdong and Guangxi, launching the 10th armed uprising of the Tongmenghui—the Guangzhou Uprising.

After three months of planning and preparation, Huang Xing held a meeting at the Action Department in Hong Kong on the 8th, setting the date for the uprising in Guangzhou as the 13th and planning to launch attacks along 10 routes. Due to the assassination of Fu Qi by Wen Shengcai, the Guangdong authorities stepped up their alertness, and …… Detailed information on Xu Zhecheng ++

Xu Ying’an (1911–April 27), from Donghuazhuang, Wuhua Village, Xinhua Town, participated in the 1911 Revolution during the “3.29” uprising. He fought in the attack on the Governor-General’s Office in Guangzhou and later battled in Feilai Temple. Failing to succeed, he crossed the mountains to Sanyuanli, was wounded, and was killed by the enemy at Gaotang Dadong Bridge. He is one of the 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang and one of the 18 martyrs from Huaxian County. …… Detailed information on Xu Ying’an ++

Li Binghui, also known as Zu Kui, with the alias Lushisi. Han ethnicity, from Zhaoqing, Guangdong. In his early years, he went to Taiping (in present-day Malaysia), where he attended an English school run by a church. He was then sent by the school to study at a school in Malacca and joined the Jesuit order, being assigned to a British Presbyterian Church in Singapore to engage in missionary work. Later, he joined the Tongmenghui and enthusiastically promoted the revolution. On April 27, 1911, he participated in the Guangzhou Uprising (the Battle of Huanghuagang), following Huang Xing in the attack on the Governor-General’s Office of Guangdong and Guangxi, and died in battle on Gaodi Street. He was buried in Huanghuagang, Guangzhou, and is one of the 72 Martyrs.

On the Huanghuagang 72 Martyrs Monument …… Detailed information on Li Binghui ++

Li Wenkai (1881–1959), from Wanrong County, Shanxi Province.

While studying in Japan, he joined the Tongmenghui led by Sun Yat-sen. After returning to China, he worked in Taiyuan for the Jin Yang Bulletin, actively promoting revolutionary ideas and exposing the corrupt crimes of the Qing government.

At the end of January 1911 (the third year of the Xuantong reign), leaders of the Tongmenghui, including Huang Xing, established the uprising headquarters “Action Department” in Hong Kong. They sent people to select “vanguard troops” (i.e., dare-to-die squad members) from the New Army, Patrol Battalion, and Tongmenghui members. The vanguard members were all progressive-minded, courageous, and revolutionary …… Detailed information on Li Wenkai ++

Li Wenfu, courtesy name Chi, also known as Yiqiu, was from Liwu Village, Lanxiang, Dongguan (now part of Boluo). From a young age, he loved reading. Influenced by progressive ideas and witnessing foreign aggression against China and the corruption of the Qing court, Li Wenfu secretly organized a revolutionary activity group with Mo Jipeng, Lin Zhimian, Huang Xiayi, and others. They traveled to various places to promote the revolution, advocating “to fight for national rights internally and resist foreign enemies externally.” On April 27, 1911 (the 29th day of the third lunar month), during the Battle of Huanghuagang, Li led the dare-to-die squad to follow Huang Xing in the attack on the Governor’s Office. They fought in Feilai Temple, Beijiaochang, and other locations. During the battle, he was unfortunately shot in the foot and captured. The next day, he was taken to the execution ground and died a heroic …… Detailed information on Li Wenfu ++

Chen Chao (1882 – 1911), from Haifeng, Guangdong. In 1906 (the 32nd year of the Guangxu reign), he joined the Wupo Society, a secret revolutionary organization established by Chen Jiongming in Haifeng, and engaged in revolutionary activities.

In 1911 (the third year of the Xuantong reign), on the eve of the Guangzhou Uprising (the Battle of Huanghuagang), he was called upon as a “vanguard” (dare-to-die squad member) and, together with 45 others of his generation, went to Guangzhou to participate. Due to language barriers and unfamiliarity with the terrain, he stayed in the weapons storage facility at Shiping Academy. On April 27, when the uprising began, Shiping Academy was suddenly surrounded by Qing troops. He died in the fierce battle at the age of only 29 …… Detailed information on Chen Chao ++

Chen Wenbao (1880 – April 29, 1911), a democratic revolutionary in the late Qing Dynasty. Han ethnicity, from Shanghuangsha Village, Xihe Town, Dabu County, Guangdong. He engaged in business in Huizhou and Southeast Asia, where he met revolutionaries, joined the Tongmenghui, and participated in the Guangzhou Uprising in 1911. He was involved in the attack on the Governor-General’s Office, was shot and killed, and is one of the 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang.

Biography

Chen Wenbao grew up in poverty. When he was slightly older, he learned business. He first went to Huizhou and later did business in Southeast Asia. In 1906, he joined the Tongmenghui in Malaysia. At that time, the Qing court specially sent Yang Shiqi to …… Detailed information on Chen Wenbao ++

Luo Kun (1884–1911), from Nanhai, Guangdong, was a democratic revolutionary in the late Qing Dynasty. He studied abroad in Japan in his early years. Upon returning to China, he met Sun Yat-sen in Hong Kong and, influenced by him, joined the Tongmenghui. In the third year of the Xuantong reign, he participated in the Guangzhou Uprising, attacked the Governor’s Office, and after the failure, was arrested and executed. He is one of the 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang. …… Detailed information on Luo Kun ++

Rao Futing, male, Han ethnicity, born in 1881 in Meizhou, Guangdong. On April 27, 1911, he participated in the Guangzhou Uprising planned and led by Huang Xing and Sun Yat-sen. He was arrested and died a heroic death at the age of 30. His remains were buried in the Huanghuagang Martyrs’ Cemetery and he is one of the 72 Martyrs.

Rao Futing, from Meixian District, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province. His given name was Kequan, and his courtesy name was Jingfu.

In 1906 (the 32nd year of the Guangxu reign), he entered China Public School in Shanghai. In 1910 (the second year of the Xuantong reign), he graduated and returned home to become a teacher at a higher elementary school.

In March 1911, he went to Guangzhou with his wife …… Detailed information on Rao Futing ++

Huang Heming, male, Han ethnicity, from Nanhai, Guangdong. Birth year unknown. On April 27, 1911, he participated in the Guangzhou Uprising planned and led by Huang Xing and Sun Yat-sen. Unfortunately, he was shot and killed, and his body was buried in the Huanghuagang Martyrs’ Cemetery. He is one of the 72 Martyrs.

Also known as Gu. He came from a poor family. At the age of 13, he learned machinery at Lian Thai in Shiba Fu. After completing his apprenticeship, he worked at the Zengbu Manufacturing Bureau. He then went to Hong Kong and Singapore, where he set up a small machinery factory. Later, stimulated by foreign aggression and distressed by the bullying of the motherland, and influenced by the revolutionary movement in Southeast Asia, he abandoned his profession to engage in the revolution and …… Detailed information on Huang Heming ++

Ma Lu (？–April 27, 1911), also known as Ma Lyu, Han ethnicity, from Xinzhou Town, Haizhu District, Guangzhou (formerly part of Panyu).

He joined the military early in life. He once served with his unit stationed in Haiphong (now in Vietnam). During this time, he joined the Chinese Tongmenghui. In 1907, he participated in the Zhennan Pass (now Friendship Pass) Uprising in Guangxi. He was brave and skilled in battle, earning the high regard of Huang Xing. In 1908, he took part in the Qinzhou-Shangsi Uprising.

In 1911, he participated in the 1911 Revolution. On April 27, 1911, during the Guangzhou Uprising (the Battle of Huanghuagang), he followed Huang Xing in the attack on the Governor’s Office. He charged out …… Detailed information on Ma Lu ++

Du Fengshu, male, Han ethnicity, courtesy name Yuxing, was born in 1883 in Nanhai, Guangdong. A overseas Chinese from Nanyang, he participated in the Guangzhou Uprising led by Huang Xing and Sun Wen on April 27, 1911. Unfortunately, he was shot and killed at the age of 28. His remains were buried in the Huanghuagang Martyrs' Cemetery, making him one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs.

On April 27, 1911 (the 29th day of the third lunar month), he took part in the Guangzhou Uprising. At 5:30 in the afternoon, the attack began. Buglers blew their resounding horns, and a large group of comrades surged forward. Advancing while exchanging fire with the guards of the Governor's Office, the revolutionaries... Du Fengshu — Detailed Information++

Mr. Lao Pei (1866–1911) was originally from Shatang Town, Kaiping. An overseas Chinese from Singapore, he was one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang.

Date of Birth: 1886

Date of Sacrifice: April 27, 1911

Original name Pan Guang, courtesy name Zhaoming. Born in 1885 in Lianguang Xingxian Village, Shatang Town, Kaiping City. His father was Lao Yingyu, and Lao Pei had three brothers: the eldest brother Ju Guang, Pei in the middle, and younger brother Xie Guang.

Since childhood, Lao Pei was filial to his parents and respectful to his elder brothers. He started school at a young age, was intelligent and ambitious, often engaging in debates about revitalizing the nation and the Chinese people, earning praise from both family and teachers. ... Lao Pei — Detailed Information++

Jiang Jifu, from Pingshan Village, Huaxian County, Guangdong. "He was born after his father’s passing and was extremely filial to his mother. After his mother died, he wept blood for several days. His family had been farmers, and he was an expert marksman. Furious with the autocracy of the Qing court, he joined the Tongmenghui through the introduction of Xu Weiyang. During the Xinhai Revolution, he vied to be a vanguard fighter. Xu Weiyang, sympathizing with his age, declined his offer, but the martyr laughed and said: 'Although I am old, I am still more than ten years younger than Huang Zhong. How could I be useless?' He then picked up his gun and shot with unerring accuracy, earning everyone’s admiration." (See Zou Lu’s The History of the March 29th Guangzhou Revolution) "During the March 29th Uprising, he killed many enemies. When attacking the Governor’s Office and burning the enemy stronghold, he charged bravely at the forefront, later..." Jiang Jifu — Detailed Information++

Zhou Hua was orphaned as a child, later followed his elder brother Zhou Tianxiang in business in Longzhou, and then went to Annam (present-day Vietnam), where he joined the Tongmenghui. In 1907, during the Fangcheng Uprising, he was responsible for logistical support. Later, he went to Singapore and helped run the Zhongxing Daily. After the establishment of the Min Duo Drama Troupe, he actively participated in its operations and traveled across Southeast Asia, promoting the revolution among overseas Chinese. In 1911, upon learning that Sun Wen and Huang Xing were planning the Guangzhou Uprising, he and other overseas comrades successively returned to Hong Kong. On April 27, he took part in the attack on the Governor’s Office. He died heroically in the battle to burn down the office. He was buried in Huanghuagang, Guangzhou, as one of the Seventy-Two... Zhou Hua — Detailed Information++

Pang Xiong (1891–1911), one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang, was from Wuchuan, Guangdong. His courtesy name was Suhàn. In his early years, he worked for his fellow townsman Zhao Zhuohua, then was introduced by a clansman, Pang Yuhui, to join the Guangdong New Army, serving in the artillery corps and secretly engaging in revolutionary activities.

In the winter of 1909 (the first year of the Xuantong reign), he planned the Guangzhou New Army Uprising together with Ni Yingdian and others. In the spring of 1910, the uprising failed. He went to Hong Kong, then traveled east to Japan, visiting various islands in Nanyang, connecting with fellow revolutionaries, and preparing for another attempt. In early 1911, he returned from Japan and participated in preparations for the Guangzhou Uprising (the Huanghuagang Battle), in charge of... Pang Xiong — Detailed Information++

Lin Wen (1887–1911), originally named Shishuang, courtesy name Guangchen, alias Nansan, was from Houguan County (now downtown Fuzhou), the grandson of Lin Hongnian. In the 31st year of the Guangxu reign (1905), he traveled east to Japan and enrolled in Seijo School. Soon after, he transferred to the Law Department of Japan University, specializing in international public law. Along with Lin Juemin and Lin Yinmin, he became known for his radicalism, collectively referred to as the "Three Lins." Influenced by Sun Wen, he joined the Tongmenghui, serving as the leader of the Fourteenth Branch (Fujian branch president) and the manager of the Min Bao newspaper. Lin Wen participated multiple times in armed uprisings organized and led by the Tongmenghui, traveling between Hong Kong and Nanyang... Lin Wen — Detailed Information++

Lin Xiuming (1885–1911), from Nanshan Village, Xinpu Town, Jiaoling County, Guangdong, was one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang. His father, Lin Yunxuan, due to poverty in his early years, went to Belitung Island in East Java (Indonesia) to work as a miner. After years of hard work, he started a small tin mining business. Lin Yunxuan had five sons, with Lin Xiuming being the third. At the age of seven, Lin Xiuming returned to China to study. At 19, he attended the China Public School in Shanghai. During his time in Shanghai, seeing his motherland weak and the people impoverished, bullied by Western powers, and Chinese being mocked as the "Sick Man of East Asia," he resolved to strengthen himself to save the nation. In the 31st year of the Guangxu reign (190...) Lin Xiuming — Detailed Information++

Mr. Pan Dawei (1880–1929), originally from Panyu, Guangdong (now Dongpu Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Tangdong Village), originally used the courtesy name Tiecang and also known as Jingwu.

In the first year of the Xuantong reign (1909), Mr. Pan Dawei joined the Tongmenghui founded by Sun Wen. The epitaph reads: "You devoted your life to the revolution, sympathized with human suffering. Of gentle temperament, skilled in painting, and upheld righteousness..." He was selfless and fearless for the revolutionary cause, dedicating his life to revitalizing Chinese culture, innovating literature and art, and advancing philanthropy. He was truly a remarkable figure in modern Chinese history.

2000... Pan Dawei — Detailed Information++

Xu Guotai (1890–April 27, 1911), male, Han ethnicity, from Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province, was a member of the Tongmenghui.

He graduated early from the local higher elementary school. Outraged by the Qing court’s misrule and the suffering of the people, he put down his pen and joined the military, enlisting in the artillery division of the Ninth Town of the New Army. Initially a private, he was later promoted to squad leader of the right team, Second Battalion of the Artillery Flag. In the spring of 1910, he joined the Tongmenghui through the introduction of Zhu Hongbin, was soon elected as the representative of all Tongmenghui members in the Artillery Flag, handled party affairs, and developed over a hundred members. In early 1911, learning that the revolutionaries would stage a major action in Guangzhou, he led over 40 men from the Ninth Town of the New Army... Xu Guotai — Detailed Information++

Hua Jinyuan, from Jiangning District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, was a modern democratic revolutionary martyr.

He served in the Ninth Town of the Nanjing New Army. In the spring of 1911 (the third year of the Xuantong reign), when revolutionaries planned an uprising in Guangzhou, Xu Guotai gathered over 40 men from the Ninth Town in Nanjing to join the uprising in Guangzhou, and he was one of them.

On April 27 (the 29th day of the third lunar month), the Guangzhou Uprising (the Huanghuagang Battle) began. Following Huang Xing in attacking the Viceroyalty of Liangguang, after charging out of the Viceroyalty, he got separated from Huang Xing. Unable to find him, he fought his way to Shuangmenfu. Hua Jinyuan was wounded, and he and Ruan Desan protected him from the left and right, putting up a stubborn resistance... Hua Jinyuan — Detailed Information++

Ruan Deshan (1885–1911), a revolutionary from Dantu, Jiangsu (1885–1911), joined the military in the late Qing dynasty, became a member of the Tongmenghui in 1911, and participated in the Guangzhou Uprising. In the battle to attack the Viceroyalty of Liangguang, he fearlessly charged at the forefront, bravely fought the enemy, and with his skilled marksmanship and accurate grenade throwing, killed or wounded dozens of Qing soldiers. Later, together with Hua Jinyuan, he heroically sacrificed himself protecting the wounded comrade Xu Guotai inside the gate of the Viceroyalty. He was buried in Huanghuagang, Guangzhou, and should be counted as one of the "Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang."

Ruan Deshan (1885–1911), from Baoyan, Dantu County, Jiangsu Province.

His family had been farmers for generations. His father... Ruan Deshan — Detailed Information++

Chen Furen (1882–1911), from Diaotian Village, Shimashan Town, Xingning City, Guangdong, was a disciple of He Ziyuan. Also known as Fu Ren and Chen Wenyou, he was one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang.

In his early years, he joined the Hongmen Society in his hometown, aiming to overthrow the Qing government. He plotted several uprisings, but none succeeded.

Later, he followed his uncle to do business in Nanyang and joined the Tongmenghui in Singapore, promoting the revolution.

He then returned to Hong Kong and joined the Revolutionary Planning Department organized by Huang Xing, responsible for transporting arms.

In early April 1911, he was tasked with delivering firearms to Guangzhou to support the Huanghuagang Uprising. Due to a security leak, he was captured by the Qing authorities when landing at Aotou... Chen Furen — Detailed Information++

Wei Yunqing

Gender: Male

Ethnicity: Han

Place of origin: Yongchun, Guangxi

Date of birth: 1873

Date of martyrdom: 1911

Later, he was framed by the royalist party and imprisoned for another two months. After his release, he went to Bangkok, Siam (Thailand). In early 1911, upon hearing that revolutionaries were planning the Guangzhou Uprising (also known as the Huanghuagang Uprising), he went to Hong Kong with others and was assigned to the Second Vanguard Team (suicide squad). On April 27, when the uprising began, he joined the team in attacking the Governor's Office, repelled the guards at the gate, advanced to the side street right next to the office, encountered a large Qing army force, engaged in fierce fighting, retreated while battling, and eventually was overwhelmed… Detailed information on Wei Yunqing++

Yongtai Community: Yongtai Community… Detailed information on Yongtai Community++

Further reading:

· First Batch of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites