The Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest saltwater lake, situated in the interior of the Eurasian landmass, between Asia and Europe. Its surface is approximately 27 metres below sea level, and it reaches a maximum depth of 1,025 metres near the southern region. There are 50 islands in the Caspian Sea, most of them small, with Chechen Island in the northwest being the largest, followed by Tyuleny Island, Morskoy Island, Kulaly Island, Zhiloy Island, and Ogurchin Island. Based on hydrological characteristics, the Caspian Sea is generally divided into three parts: northern, central, and southern.

The Caspian Sea has a total of 130 inflowing rivers, with an annual runoff of over 300 cubic kilometres; among these, the Volga River contributes 256 cubic kilometres, accounting for 85% of the total inflow. The river inflow exhibits significant seasonal and interannual variations, directly affecting changes in salinity and water levels. The seawater contains low levels of chlorides but higher levels of sulfates and carbonates, and its salinity is about two-thirds lower than the standard salinity of ocean water. The Caspian Sea boasts vast waters and expansive horizons, often experiencing fierce winds and rough waves, resembling the rolling tides of the ocean.