The Three Passes of Jianzhou

The Three Passes of Jianzhou

I. Zhaka Pass

Zhaka Pass, meaning "border pass" in Manchu, was the first defensive border established by Nurhaci’s Later Jin regime to guard against the Ming Dynasty in the west. It played a significant role in Nurhaci’s 1593 victory over the coalition of nine tribes. A beacon tower remains on the pass wall.

II. Daimin Pass

Daimin Pass, meaning "eagle pass" in Manchu, was the second border pass of the Later Jin regime defending against the Ming Dynasty. In 1583, during Nurhaci’s campaign to unify the Jianzhou Jurchens, he attacked the Mardun Fort on the mountain, leading to the establishment of this border pass. Remnants of the original border fortifications still exist today.

III. Yarha Pass

Yarha Pass, meaning "leopard pass" in Manchu, was the third border pass of the Later Jin regime defending against the Ming Dynasty in the west. Nearly a thousand meters of the pass wall still remain north of the current southeast highway.

Source: Xinbin County People's Government Website