China's Mangshan pit viper is a national treasure-level animal hailed as the "panda of the snake kingdom." It gets its name because its head resembles a triangular soldering iron. In 1996, the Mangshan pit viper was listed in the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List by international conservation organizations and is a national top-grade protected animal. The Mangshan pit viper has a triangular head, shaped like a soldering iron. Its tail is white, hence it is also called the Mangshan white-tailed snake.
The bamboo pit viper is a species of the subfamily Crotalinae, belonging to the genus Trimeresurus. Also known as the green bamboo snake or scorched-tail snake, it is a beautiful venomous snake with an emerald green body, eyes mostly yellow or red, and vertically slit pupils resembling those of a cat. Its tail is scorched red, giving it high ornamental value.
The banded krait, commonly known as guoji xia, bai jie hei, jin qian bai hua she, yin jia dai, or yin bao tie, is extremely venomous and ranks as the fourth most venomous land snake.
The sharp-nosed viper is a monotypic venomous snake under the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae. There is only one species under this subgenus, the sharp-nosed viper (D. acutus). Also known as the hundred-pace snake, five-pace snake, seven-pace snake, Qi snake, valley snake, hundred-flower snake, or Chinese viper, it is a fairly well-known snake species in Asia.
The Chinese cobra, also known as the Taiwan cobra, is called fan chan tou in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hong Kong, and fan shi qian, fan shi chong, or peng jing she in Taiwan. Belonging to the family Elapidae, it is distributed in southern China, Taiwan, and mid-to-low elevation areas of the Indochinese Peninsula.
The many-banded krait is widely distributed in northeastern Changbai Mountain, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Shaanxi, and other areas. It lives in plains, hills, or mountainous regions, mainly inhabiting open fields and rarely venturing into dense forests. In summer, it is generally active in hilly areas and prefers cool, ventilated spots when it’s hot. When startled, it doesn’t flee but coils up, hissing loudly while its body repeatedly expands and contracts for up to half an hour.
The Malayan pit viper lives in plains, hills, or mountainous regions. Domestic distribution in China includes Fujian (Zhao'an, Quanzhou, Hui'an, Xianyou, Nan'an), Taiwan (Hualien, Ruisui, Taitung, Kaohsiung, Hengchun, Chenggong, Pingtung, Taipei), Guangdong (Shaoguan, Guangzhou), and Guangxi (Nanning). The Malayan pit viper has two types of toxins: one is hemorrhagic toxin, and the other is neurotoxin. It is very rare for a snake to possess both types of venom.
The gold-ringed cobra, commonly known as jin jia dai, jin bao tie, jin jiao dai, or fo she, is a species of the genus Bungarus and is highly venomous. Generally, like other snakes in the Bungarus genus, the gold-ringed cobra moves slowly, is not inclined to attack humans, and mainly feeds on small vertebrates.
The king cobra, also known as shan wan she, guo shan feng, da bian jing she, da yan jing she, da bian tou feng, bian jing she, da peng jing, chui feng she, or guo shan biao, frequently appears in southwestern and southern China. It typically inhabits grasslands, open slopes, and forests. Its main diet consists of other snakes—its close relatives—so in the territory of the king cobra, it’s rare to see other snake species, as they either flee or become its prey. It is extremely venomous.
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