Tomb of the Han Dynasty on Yuliang Mountain

　　Chiyou Square, also known as Chiyou’s Shoulder-Blade Tomb, is located in the northeastern suburbs of Juye County, in front of Gudui Temple Village. In the late stages of clan society, with the emergence of private ownership and the division of social classes, conflicts frequently arose between tribal groups—often driven by the desire to plunder wealth or for self-defense. Around 4,500 years ago, the Yellow Emperor’s tribe, living along the upper reaches of the Yellow River, engaged in fierce battles with the Chiyou tribe, which inhabited the Central Plains.<<通典>It is recorded: "For three years and nine battles, the city could not be taken."<<史记>It also states: "The Yellow Emperor mustered troops from the feudal lords and fought Chiyou in the fields of Zhuolu, eventually capturing and killing Chiyou."

　　After Chiyou’s death, his body was dismembered and buried in separate graves.<<皇览。冢墓记>It is noted: "Chiyou’s tomb is within the city of Kanguang (present-day Taian County, Henan Province), in Shangdong’s Shouzhang County, standing seven zhang high... The Shoulder-Blade Tomb is located in Juye County, Shanyang Commandery, similar in size to the Kanguang Tomb."<<巨野县志>It also records: "The Tomb of Chiyou is located eight li northeast of Juye County." This tomb has endured through the Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties. Over centuries, with natural and geographical changes, the tomb mound gradually shrank in size. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, a temple was built atop the mound, but after the Qing dynasty, the tomb suffered repeated damage. By the time of the 1982 county-wide cultural relics survey, the mound measured 38 meters east-west and 31 meters north-south, covering a total area of 1,200 square meters.

　　Chiyou, along with the Yellow Emperor and the Flame Emperor, is considered one of the founding ancestors of the Chinese nation. At that time, his tribe had already pioneered a settled, agriculture-based way of life and mastered copper smelting techniques.<<世本。作篇>It is mentioned: "Chiyou forged weapons from metal."<<管子>It also states: "At the mountain of Gelu, water gushed forth along with metal, which Chiyou received and used to forge swords, spears, and halberds... The appearance of red copper also laid the foundation for the later flourishing of bronze culture. Long before the Qin and Han dynasties, Chiyou was revered as the 'God of War' and 'Deity of Battle,' receiving grand ceremonial worship."<<史记>Records indicate that Liu Bang "worshipped the Yellow Emperor and sacrificed to Chiyou in the court of Pei." Influenced by the notion that "the victor becomes king, the vanquished a bandit," Chiyou was portrayed in some historical texts as a tyrant who "defied imperial orders" and was "demonic and monstrous." To promote outstanding historical culture and strengthen national cohesion, in 2002, the Juye County Committee and County People’s Government carried out emergency restoration of Chiyou’s Tomb. The site was enclosed with clean-edged mushroom stone, standing 1.9 meters high with an 81-meter perimeter, surrounded by a guardrail and encircled by a flagstone path. Pine and cypress trees were planted on the mound to symbolize the enduring legacy of the Chinese nation.