Hongyan Cemetery

　　Deep in the Hongyan Valley, nestled between two mountains and surrounded by lush greenery all year round, the area is tranquil and serene. A mountain stream divides the hills in two—one branch stretching left toward the city center, the other heading north toward the Jialing River. At the foot of the mountain range that extends toward the Jialing River lies a small, artificially leveled flat area of about thirty to forty square meters. In the center of this flat ground, on a stone base, stands a circular wreath carved from white marble. Behind the flat area is an approximately seven to eight-meter-long curved red stone wall, inscribed with the history of the cemetery and the names and biographies of those laid to rest. The entire cemetery faces east and offers a wide, open view. Behind the wreath lies a tomb chamber constructed from white marble, with four large characters carved on the front in white marble: Hongyan Cemetery (inscribed by Lu Dingyi).

　　During the War of Resistance against Japan and the early stages of the Liberation War, the Southern Bureau, the Office, and the Xinhua Daily spent over eight arduous years in Chongqing. During this time, more than ten comrades and their family members unfortunately passed away. These included Zhou Enlai’s father and Deng Yingchao’s mother, as well as comrades such as Huang Wenjie, former Secretary of the Shanghai Central Bureau, and Li Shaoshi, Zhou Enlai’s English secretary. They were originally buried in a cemetery plot allocated by Rao Guomu at Xiaolongkan Fuyuan Temple. In 1958, Zhou Enlai sent Tong Xiaopeng back to Chongqing to exhume their remains, which were then cremated and reburied collectively with a nearby monument. Later, due to landscape changes caused by the construction of the Xiangyu Railway in the 1970s, the reburial site gradually turned into paddy fields, and the erected monuments were almost submerged. To address this, in 1983, the Chongqing Municipal People's Government relocated their ashes collectively to Hongyan and built Hongyan Cemetery to house them. On December 1, 1983, the Chongqing Municipal People's Government designated it as a municipal cultural relics protection unit.

　　Appendix: Biographies of Individuals Buried in the Cemetery

　　Huang Wenjie was from Meixian, Guangdong. He joined the revolution in 1924 and was a member of the Communist Party of China. He once served as Secretary of the Shanghai Central Bureau and worked in organizational roles within the Yangtze Bureau and the Southern Bureau. Born in 1900, he passed away on August 6, 1939.

　　Zhou Maochen was from Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and the father of Zhou Enlai. Born in 1873, he passed away on July 10, 1942.

　　Yang Zhende was from Changsha, Hunan, and the mother of Deng Yingchao. She worked as a doctor and actively supported the revolution. Born in 1875, she passed away on November 18, 1940.

　　Li Shaoshi was from Xinhui, Guangdong. He joined the revolution in 1926 and was a member of the Communist Party of China. He once served as the Propaganda Minister of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee and as a secretary for the Southern Bureau. Born on June 7, 1906, he died in an accident on October 8, 1945.

　　Wu Zhijian was from Yongxin, Jiangxi. He joined the revolution in 1929 and was a member of the Communist Party of China. He served as the deputy guard officer at the 18th Group Army’s Chongqing Office. Born in 1919, he unfortunately passed away in 1939.

　　Rao Youhu was a female from Dazu, Sichuan. She joined the revolution in 1935 and was a member of the Communist Party of China. She was involved in secret party work. Born in 1918, she passed away in December 1939.

　　Guo Yuming was from Guo County, Shanxi. He joined the revolution in the year the War of Resistance against Japan broke out and was a member of the Communist Party of China. He was a field reporter for the Xinhua Daily. Born in 1916, he unfortunately passed away on February 26, 1946.

　　Bian Ailian was a female from Zhuji, Zhejiang. She joined the revolution in 1939 and worked as an accountant at the 18th Group Army’s Chongqing Office. Born in 1914, she unfortunately passed away on April 1, 1941.

　　Zhao Wanhua was a female from Huangpi, Hubei. She participated in revolutionary work during the First Revolutionary Civil War and the War of Resistance against Japan. She passed away on February 12, 1942.

　　Xu Tianbao was from Hailin, Zhejiang. He once served as a squad leader in the 18th Group Army’s Chongqing Training Unit and as a materials custodian at the 18th Group Army’s Chongqing Office. Born in 1908, he passed away in the summer of 1942.

　　Chen Weilian was from Jiangsu. He joined the revolution in 1937 and was a member of the Communist Party of China. He served as a deputy guard officer at the 18th Group Army’s Chongqing Office. Born in 1908, he passed away in 1942.

　　Xiang Xiande was from Hunan. He was a member of the Communist Party of China, had participated in the Long March, and served as a guard soldier at the 18th Group Army’s Chongqing Office. Born in 1918, he passed away in 1942.

　　Liao Qinwan was a female from Hengyang, Hunan. She joined the revolution in 1929 and was a member of the Communist Party of China. She was involved in secret party work. Born in 1899, she passed away in the summer of 1943.

　　Deng Youli was from Fengjie, Sichuan. He joined the revolution in 1937 and was a member of the Communist Party of China. He worked in the party’s literary and artistic endeavors. Born in 1916, he passed away on January 8, 1946.

　　Source: Chongqing Hongyan Cultural Development Management Center