Jiayin Rice

Jiayin Rice

Jiayin Rice is a product certified under China's Agricultural Product Geographical Indication scheme.

　　Jiayin Rice

　　Geographical Scope

　　The production area of Jiayin Rice is located in Jiayin County, Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province. The county administers 3 towns and 6 townships: Wuyun Town, Chaoyang Town, Wulaga Town, Changsheng Township, Hujia Township, Xiangyang Township, Hongguang Township, Qingshan Township, and Baoxing Township. The geographical coordinates are: longitude 129°09′–130°45′, latitude 48°07′–49°25′, with an average elevation of around 230 meters. Jiayin County borders Russia to the north across the Heilongjiang River. To the west, Changsheng, Hujia, and Qingshan townships adjoin Xunke County and the Tangwanghe Forest Area. To the south, Wulaga and Baoxing border Hegang and Luobei. The total protected area is 150,000 hectares, with a production area of 800 hectares and an annual output of 4,800 tons.

　　Natural Ecological Environment and Humanistic Historical Factors

　　(1) Soil and Topography: The soil in Jiayin County is mainly black calcium soil and sandy loam, with a pH value of around 6.5–7.5, making it fertile and suitable for cultivation. The terrain generally slopes from southwest to northeast. The remnants of the Lesser Khingan Mountains extend like a chicken’s claw toward the Heilongjiang River, creating a landscape of ravines, hills, and undulating plateaus, with Shouhu Mountain located in the southwest.

　　(2) Hydrology: Jiayin County is rich in water resources. In addition to the 245-kilometer stretch of the Heilongjiang River that flows through the county, there are 26 rivers of varying sizes that directly empty into it. The main water sources are Heilongjiang River water and groundwater, both meeting the national standards GB3838 Class I for surface water environmental quality and GB5749 for drinking water. As an agricultural county focused on crop farming and lacking large-scale industrial pollution, Jiayin maintains excellent water quality.

　　(3) Climate: Jiayin County lies within the temperate monsoon continental climate zone. Due to variations in terrain, the climate differs significantly across the region, broadly divided into two microclimatic zones. The first is the mountainous microclimate zone, found in the southwestern foothills of the Lesser Khingan Mountains, including Qingshan Township, the southwestern part of Hujia Township, the western part of Changsheng Township, most of Wulaga Town, the western part of Hongguang Township, and the southwestern part of Baoxing Township. This zone features long, cold winters and short, rainy summers, with accumulated temperatures ≥10°C around 1,600°C, a frost-free period of about 90 days, and annual rainfall of around 530 mm. The second zone includes the northeastern part of Changsheng Township, Wuyun Town, Xiangyang Township, the eastern part of Hongguang Township, Chaoyang Town, and the eastern part of Baoxing Township. Here, Siberian cold fronts sweep in, bringing strong winds, severe cold, and dryness. The frost-free period is about 120 days, with annual rainfall of around 650 mm. The county-wide average frost-free period is 115 days, with annual rainfall of 588 mm and annual sunshine duration of 2,377 hours.

　　(4) Humanistic and Historical Background: According to the 1992 county annals, Jiayin County has a relatively short history of agricultural development. Before liberation, most of the grain used for gold mining operations was imported. In 1927, the county’s hundred-plus farming households had only about 3,000 mu of cultivated land. After liberation, agricultural production developed rapidly. Cultivated land expanded from 41,700 mu in 1949 to 393,000 mu in 1985, and by now, Jiayin County has reached 1,316,200 mu of arable land. The main grain crops are soybeans and rice.

　　Production Technical Requirements

　　(1) Site Selection: Choose fertile, well-worked soils across all towns and townships in the county, meeting the requirements of NY5116-2002.

　　(2) Variety Selection: Select high-quality, high-yield varieties that have passed national or local approval and been successfully demonstrated locally. Seed quality must meet the standards of GB4404.1. Varieties with strong resistance to pests and diseases should be chosen, and regular rotation is advised.

　　(3) Production Process Management:

　　A. Rational Sparse Planting

　　Direct Seeding Rice: For conventional rice, the seeding rate is 3–4 kg per 667 m², and for hybrid rice, 2–2.5 kg. It is recommended to use seeds coated with biological seed dressings to prevent damage from underground pests. Attention must be paid to seeding quality to ensure full emergence. After germination, thinning and gap filling should be carried out as needed.

　　Transplanted Rice: For early and late rice, conventional rice is typically planted at 20,000 hills per 667 m² with 3–4 seedlings per hill, and hybrid rice at 15,000–20,000 hills per 667 m² with 1–2 seedlings per hill. For single-cropping rice, the density is 12,000–17,000 hills per 667 m², with 3–4 seedlings per hill for conventional rice and 1–2 for hybrids. Wide row-narrow hill or wide-narrow row planting is encouraged. Transplanting specifications are 25.0 cm × 13.3 cm–16.7 cm or (33.3 cm + 16.7 cm) × 13.3 cm–16.7 cm for early and late rice—that is, row spacing of 25.0 cm,

　　hill spacing of 13.3 cm–16.7 cm, or wide rows of 33.3 cm and narrow rows of 16.7 cm, with hill spacing of 13.3 cm–16.7 cm. For single-cropping rice, it is 25 cm–30 cm × 16.7 cm or (33.3 cm + 16.7 cm) × 16.7 cm. Super rice and premium rice are planted using ridge and ultra-sparse techniques, with transplanting specifications of 33.3 cm × 20.0 cm–25.0 cm, at 8,000–10,000 hills per 667 m², and 2 seedlings per hill.

　　B. Balanced Fertilization

　　Combine organic and inorganic fertilizers, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium together. Soil testing and formulated fertilization are recommended. Generally, organic fertilizer accounts for over 30% of the total, and the N:P₂O₅:K₂O ratio is typically 1:0.5:1. Nitrogen application and total fertilizer amounts are strictly controlled: for early and late rice, the total per 667 m² is limited to 8–12 kg of pure nitrogen (N), 4–5 kg of phosphorus (P₂O₅), and 8–12 kg of potassium (K₂O); for single-cropping rice, it is 12–15 kg N, 6–7 kg P₂O₅, and 12–15 kg K₂O, plus 1–2 kg of zinc sulfate. Fertilization method: Apply sufficient base fertilizer, with appropriate amounts of tillering and panicle fertilizers. Typically, 50%–70% of nitrogen is used as base fertilizer, 20%–30% as tillering fertilizer, and 10%–20% as panicle fertilizer; all phosphorus is applied as base fertilizer; potassium is split evenly between base and tillering fertilizers. Alternatively, one-time full-layer fertilization can be used by applying compound fertilizer during land leveling, though this is not suitable for sandy loam fields.

　　C. Rational Irrigation

　　Irrigation Water Quality: Must comply with NY5116-2002. Irrigation Methods: Maintain a shallow water layer during the regreening stage, use moist irrigation during the tillering stage, and begin draining and sunning the field when the plant count reaches 80%–90% of the panicle number. Employ multiple light drainings to control ineffective tillers and promote root development and sturdy stems. After panicle differentiation, maintain a shallow water layer until heading and flowering. During grain filling and maturation, use intermittent irrigation and alternate wetting and drying. Stop irrigation about 7 days before harvest.

　　D. Pest and Disease Control Techniques

　　Agricultural Control: Use resistant varieties. Regularly rotate varieties to maintain resistance and reduce pest and disease occurrence. Adopt rational farming systems, crop rotation, intercropping (such as rice-duck, rice-fish, rice-crab), and healthy cultivation practices to minimize harmful organisms.

　　Biological Control: Protect natural enemies by choosing moderately toxic or low-toxicity pesticides that are less harmful to beneficial insects, avoiding sensitive periods for natural predators, and creating environments conducive to their reproduction. Release or conserve natural enemies to control pests.

　　Physical Control: Use physical devices such as blacklight traps, frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamps, and colored sticky boards to trap pests like Lepidoptera and Homoptera.

　　Chemical Control (Diseases): For rice blast, apply 20–25 g of tricyclazole or 28–40 g of edifenphos per 667 m² via spraying when disease centers appear, in accordance with GB/T15790. For sheath blight, follow GB/T15791—during the tillering to panicle initiation and heading stages, spray 10–12.5 g of validamycin mixed with 50 kg of water 1–2 times if the tiller incidence rate is 15%–20% or panicle incidence exceeds 30%. Lower levels may not require pesticide use. For bacterial leaf blight, in endemic areas, spray 30–40 g of kasugamycin mixed with 50 kg of water at the onset of the disease. After disasters like storms or floods, promptly apply these agents to prevent outbreaks. For bakanae disease, use methylene bisthiocyanate or prochloraz solutions for seed soaking. For false smut, spray 10–12.5 g of validamycin mixed with 50 kg of water onto the panicles during mid-to-late panicle development.

　　Chemical Control (Pests): For stem borers, according to GB/T15792 and NY/T59, during peak sheath damage, spray 36–45 g of bisultap, 45–55 g of cartap, or 20 g of triazophos mixed with 50 kg of water per 667 m²—but avoid in silkworm farming areas. For yellow stem borer, apply chemicals based on pest forecasts, targeting fields with more than 50 egg masses per 667 m² during early hatching. Use the same agents as for stem borers. For planthoppers, according to GB/T15794, when there are 1,500–2,000 insects per 100 hills, spray 7–10 g of buprofezin or 1.5–2 g of imidacloprid mixed with 50 kg of water, targeting the lower and middle parts of the rice plants. For leaf folders, according to GB/T15793, during the 1st and 2nd instar larval peaks (initial leaf rolling), when there are 65–85 larvae per 100 hills during tillering or 40–60 during panicle initiation, apply bisultap or cartap. Alternately, spray 32–40 g of chlorpyrifos mixed with 50 kg of water on the middle and upper parts of the plants. For thrips, when leaf tip curling exceeds 10% or there are 300–500 insects per 100 plants, spray 27–36 g of bisultap, 1.5–2 g of thiodicarb, or 1.5–2 g of imidacloprid mixed with 50 kg of water.

　　Typical quality characteristics of the product and regulations on product quality and safety

　　(1) External sensory characteristics: The rice produced from the rice crops features elongated grains, approximately 0.8 mm in length and 0.3 mm in width, and appears as white granules.

　　(2) Internal quality indicators: The rice produced from Jia Yin rice crops is highly nutritious, containing protein, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, iron, glucose, fructose, maltose, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and others.

　　(3) Safety requirements: The production of Jia Yin rice strictly follows the "Technical Specifications for Pollution-Free Rice Production in Jia Yin County" NY5115-2002, strictly enforces the fertilizer use standards NY/T496, and strictly adheres to the pesticide use standards GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). It also fully complies with the regulations stipulated in the "Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Law."

　　Packaging, labeling, and related regulations

　　After harvest, Jia Yin rice is threshed and packaged. During transportation, vehicles must be clean, dry, and equipped with rainproof facilities. Mixing with toxic, harmful, corrosive, or odorous items is strictly prohibited. Storage should take place in shaded, ambient temperature, dry environments with moisture-proof facilities. Storage facilities must be clean, dry, well-ventilated, and free of pests and rodents. Mixing with toxic, harmful, corrosive, mold-prone, damp, or odorous items is strictly forbidden. The product uses the "Jia Yin Rice" geographical indication for agricultural products.