Yanshan Small-grain Peanuts

Yanshan Small-grain Peanuts

Yanshan Small-grain Peanuts are a product with geographical indication status.

　　Yanshan County has a long history of cultivating high-quality small-grain peanuts. The climate is favorable, with mild temperatures year-round, a long frost-free period, and conditions well-suited for growing oilseed crops such as peanuts. The annual yield can reach up to 1.35 million kilograms, with an average yield per mu of around 100 kilograms across the county. The total annual peanut production ranges between 2.5 and 3 million kilograms, accounting for about one-third of the total output in the prefecture. Currently, the Fenglin Peanut Oil Factory in Yanshan County has successfully implemented a company + base + farmers + market model, producing 3,000 tons of small-grain peanut oil annually. To meet market demand, the factory is also undergoing technical upgrades to achieve a production capacity of 10,000 tons of small-grain peanut oil per year.

　　The cultivation of peanuts in Wenshan Prefecture has a long history. As early as 1825, the third volume of the Guangnan Prefecture Annals, which documented local produce, included records of peanuts — marking a history of 186 years. Before liberation, the main peanut varieties grown in the prefecture were the creeping type "Washeng" and local peanuts, with a total cultivation area of just over 7,000 mu. The planting was scattered and limited. The produce was mainly used for oil extraction, with a small portion consumed by locals or traded for other goods. Due to their tendency to drop prematurely, difficulty in harvesting, and low yield, they were colloquially referred to as "Waluosong" (falling peanuts), and were soon replaced by the Malaysian peanut variety introduced in 1952. In the 1990s, three high-yield and high-quality peanut varieties — "Guihua 17" (Wenyin Peanut 01), "Yueyou 192" (Wenyin Peanut 02), and "VS405" (Wenyin Peanut 03) — which outperformed the Malaysian variety, were successfully introduced and applied to peanut production. This led to continuous expansion of peanut farming in the prefecture. Peanuts, as a traditional and distinctive agricultural product of the prefecture, are widely sold in bulk — particularly unshelled peanuts — to regions such as Guangdong and Guangxi, where they are primarily processed into peanut oil. The resulting oil is of high quality and is distributed to many major cities across China, enjoying strong consumer popularity. In recent years, with the increased promotion of plastic-film early peanuts, some fresh peanuts intended for boiling have even been exported to Vietnam. Wenshan Prefecture falls within the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau peanut-growing region, where the climate, soil, and topography create unique conditions for peanut cultivation. Cultivation is highly selective regarding peanut varieties, typically favoring early-maturing types with a growth cycle of around 120 days. These varieties usually have a 100-seed weight between 35 and 50 grams, and are characterized by compact plant structure, concentrated fruiting, strong drought resistance, good disease resistance, ease of harvest, and stable, high yields. Especially in terms of appearance, these peanuts feature thin shells, easy shelling, small pod and kernel size, plump kernels, smooth seed coats, excellent quality, and strong commercial appeal. They are commonly referred to by locals as "small-grain peanuts." Yanshan County serves as the main technology demonstration and production hub for peanuts in the prefecture, benefiting from typical climatic conditions ideal for peanut cultivation. With approval from the prefectural government, the product has been officially registered as "Yanshan Small-grain Peanuts."

　　Geographic Scope

　　The protected production area of Yanshan Small-grain Peanuts includes six counties and one city in the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture: Yanshan County, Wenshan City, Guangnan County, Maguan County, Qiubei County, Xichou County, and Malipo County, covering a total of 69 townships. The total planting area spans 20,000 hectares, with an annual output of 45,000 tons. The protected zone lies between 103°35′–105°39′ east longitude and 22°42′–24°28′ north latitude, stretching 206 kilometers from east to west and 196 kilometers from north to south. Specifically: - Yanshan County includes 11 townships: Pingyuan, Jiayi, Ameng, Jiangna, Weimo, Panlong, Ganhe, Ashe, Zheruo, Baga, and Beng’e. - Wenshan City includes 11 townships: Dehou, Matang, Bozhu, Kaihua, Gumu, Zhuilijie, Hongdian, Binglie, Liujing, Xigu, and Dongshan. - Guangnan County includes 18 townships: Nasha, Zhulin, Babao, Bamei, Liancheng, Zhujie, Nanping, Shuguang, Wuzhu, Jiumo, Dongbao, Heizhiguo, Zhuanjiao, Zhetu, Zhetai, Yangliujing, Dixu, and Banbang. - Maguan County includes 8 townships: Mayi, Pojiao, Jiahanqing, Renhe, Muchang, Dulong, Dalishu, and Nanlao. - Qiubai County includes 12 townships: Jinping, Shuanglongying, Yuezhe, Shupi, Tianxing, Nijiao, Badasha, Pingzhai, Guanzhai, Wenliu, Xindian, and Shede. - Xichou County includes 6 townships: Xinjie, Xisa, Lianhuatang, Benggu, Xinmajie, and Jijie. - Malipo County includes 3 towns: Malipo, Daping, and Tianbao.

　　Product Quality Characteristics

　　(1) External Sensory Features ① Shelled Dry Fruit: Yanshan Small-grain Peanuts are of the pearl bean type or intermediate type. The pods are cocoon-shaped, bead-string shaped, or hockey stick shaped, typically containing 2–4 seeds. The pods have a distinct beak, smooth or fine reticulations, and shallow veins. Their external features include small pod size, thin shells, easy shelling, and a high kernel extraction rate. ② Peanut Kernels: The kernels of Yanshan Small-grain Peanuts are peach-shaped or cylindrical, with pink or red seed coats. The kernels are small yet plump, with smooth skins, a crisp and delicate texture, sweet and delicious taste, rich nutrition, and good commercial appeal. (2) Internal Quality Indicators: Yanshan Small-grain Peanuts are rich in nutrients, including unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids that are easily absorbed by the human body, along with various vitamins and minerals. Key internal quality indicators are: crude fat content ≥42%, protein content ≥20%, and an oleic acid/linoleic acid (O/L) ratio of around 1.1. (3) Safety Requirements: The quality of the production environment complies with the NY 5010-2002 standard for Pollution-Free Vegetable Production Environments. The quality of Yanshan Small-grain Peanuts follows the NY5303—2005 standard for Pollution-Free Peanuts.