Laizhou Yantai Black Pig

Laizhou Yantai Black Pig

The Laizhou Yantai Black Pig is a geographical indication agricultural product.

　　The Yantai Black Pig is one of the nine renowned pig breeds listed in *China’s Fine Livestock Breeds*. Physical characteristics: medium body size, moderate head length, broad forehead, straight or slightly curved snout, medium-sized ears that are drooping or semi-drooping, straight back and waist, moderately sized belly, relatively full hindquarters, sturdy build, well-proportioned structure, strong limbs, and the entire body is covered with black hair. It is tolerant to coarse feed, highly prolific, and has strong disease resistance... Breed performance: adult boars average 157 kg in weight, while sows weigh 106 kg. Sows have an average of 9.8 live piglets per litter. They are good mothers, with a nursing rate often exceeding 95%. Between 20–90 kg in weight, pigs gain an average of 650 g per day, with a backfat thickness of 3.2 cm.

　　The Yantai Black Pig has entirely black fur, of moderate density, and grayish skin. It has a medium body size.

　　The Yantai Black Pig

　　has a moderate head length, a broad forehead with wrinkles, a straight or slightly curved snout, medium-sized ears that are drooping or semi-drooping, a relatively straight back and waist, a moderately sized belly, relatively full hindquarters, well-proportioned and correctly set limbs, a sturdy build, well-proportioned structure, typically 8 pairs of teats that are neatly arranged, and a small amount of black bristle hair on the back. Boars have a straight back and waist, well-developed and strong limbs, and exhibit strong masculinity. Surveys show that the main head types of the Yantai Black Pig are the “trapezoid face” and the “round square face.”

　　Geographic Range

　　The Laizhou Yantai Black Pig is a North China type black pig. It is mainly distributed across 16 towns and streets in Laizhou City, including Sanshandao, Pinglidian, Jincheng, Zhuzhou, Yidao, Guojadian, Chengguo, Zuo, Xiaqiu, Shahe, Tushan, and Hutouya, covering a total of 987 administrative villages. The total area is 1,878 square kilometers. There are currently 15,000 Laizhou Yantai Black Pigs, with geographic coordinates at: 119°33′–120°18′ east longitude and 36°59′–37°28′ north latitude.

　　Product Quality Characteristics

　　1. External Sensory Characteristics: The Laizhou Yantai Black Pig has a medium body size, moderate head length, broad forehead with wrinkles, a straight or slightly upturned snout, medium-sized drooping or semi-drooping ears, black fur of moderate density, and gray skin. Its back and waist are relatively straight, the belly is moderately sized, and the hindquarters are relatively full. It has a sturdy build, compact structure, and strong limbs. There are typically 7–8 neatly arranged teats. Adult boars weigh 170.0 kg, with a body height of 79.1 cm, body length of 144.0 cm, and chest circumference of 132.0 cm; sows weigh 175.0 kg, with a body height of 75.36 cm, body length of 141.3 cm, and chest circumference of 136.03 cm. 2. Internal Quality Requirements: The pork of the Laizhou Yantai Black Pig is elastic, tender yet firm with chewiness, featuring good muscle and fat deposition, thick skin, fragrant and non-greasy fat, delicious taste, and a natural meaty aroma. The pork has relatively thick fat that is white and smooth, while lean meat has clear texture and a bright red color. The pork does not release much water, if any, and has strong water absorption. The fat has a high melting point; when boiled in water, the water remains clear, and during cooking, oil hardly sticks to the pan. The skin is thick, the bones are hard, and the bone marrow produces richly colored, flavorful soup with a dense, savory taste, containing collagen that enhances the hematopoietic capacity of human blood cells. The muscle color of the Laizhou Yantai Black Pig is graded at 3.25, marble pattern at 3.70, pH at 6.37, water loss rate at 3.66%, water exudation rate at 0.56%, and cooked meat yield at 62.96%. The muscle contains 69.18% water, 30.82% dry matter, 21.9% crude protein, 7.5% crude fat, and 1.05% ash. Muscle fiber diameter is 55.34 µm, and muscle fiber density is 270.94 per square millimeter. 3. Safety Requirements: The production of Laizhou Yantai Black Pigs strictly follows the *NY5032-2006 Standards for the Use of Feed and Feed Additives in Pollution-Free Livestock and Poultry* and the *NY5030-2006 Standards for the Use of Veterinary Drugs in Pollution-Free Livestock and Poultry Breeding*.