Pu'er Five Lakes National Wetland Park

Pu'er Five Lakes National Wetland Park

Pu'er Five Lakes National Wetland Park is a national-level wetland park.

Yunnan Pu'er Five Lakes National Wetland Park is situated in Simao District, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province. It lies between 22°42′–22°51′N and 100°56′–101°00′E, with a planned total area of 1,148.43 hectares. The park comprises five lakes—Xima Lake, Meizi Lake, Wild Duck Lake, Xinfang Lake, and Naha Lake—connected by the Simao River.

The city of Pu'er, where the project area is located, belongs to the Mekong River (Lancang River) basin, an international river system. The Lancang River runs through Pu'er City from north to south, exits via Xishuangbanna, and flows through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. Known as the “Oriental Danube,” the region enjoys a strategic location that connects three countries and links to five neighbors via one river. It serves as a vital hub on China’s international thoroughfare to Southeast Asia and is one of Yunnan’s three major customs hubs.

The Pu'er Five Lakes are located within the Simao Basin in the southern section of the Hengduan Mountains (southern part of the Simao Mesozoic Depression), in the southwestern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The terrain mainly consists of erosion and accumulation landforms typical of a Quaternary sedimentary basin. The elevation of the Pu'er Five Lakes wetland ranges from 1,200 to 1,500 meters. The area features flat terrain, numerous valleys, and high forest vegetation coverage, forming a unique landscape of “forest-wetland” interplay.

The Pu'er Five Lakes wetland has a subtropical plateau monsoon climate, characterized by humid and rainy summers. Winters are sunny with abundant sunshine, dry and less rainy, featuring mild temperatures, ample precipitation, and distinct wet and dry seasons. The multi-year average annual rainfall is 1,534.8 mm, while the multi-year average annual evaporation is 1,631.0 mm. The multi-year average annual temperature is 18.2°C, with the hottest month, July, averaging 21.9°C, and the coldest month, January, averaging 12.0°C. The multi-year average annual sunshine duration is 2,072 hours. The multi-year average maximum wind speed is 13.3 m/s, with the prevailing wind direction being southwest. The soils in Simao District, Pu'er City, can be divided into seven soil types, 16 subtypes, 26 soil genera, and 40 soil species. These include lateritic red soil, red soil, purple soil, limestone soil, alluvial soil, paddy soil, and swamp soil.

Among the Pu'er Five Lakes, Meizi Lake, Xima Lake, Naha Lake, and Xinfang Lake are artificial reservoir wetlands formed by damming rivers and streams, while Wild Duck Lake is a natural lake with adjacent marshes. The five lakes are interconnected via artificial pipelines and channels, and their combined runoff flows into the Simao River, which eventually joins the Lancang River.