ExperienceOutdoor sportscarry certain risks. Today, we will share with yououtdoor activitiesand simple treatment methods for several common types of sports injuries, hoping to provide you with useful references for your outdoor trips.

1. Bleeding

Introduction:Minor bleeding caused by skin abrasions can usually be stopped by applying pressure to the wound for about five minutes. Other forms of bleeding may pose potential life-threatening risks to the injured.

Treatment:

Life-threatening situations:

Blood spurting out in large amounts;

Bleeding continues for more than five minutes, or does not stop after applying pressure for five minutes multiple times;

The body has lost more than 250 milliliters (about one cup) of blood.

Treatment method:

Elevate the injured part. In cases of severe bleeding, have the injured person lie down.

Apply clean cloth padding to the wound.

Wrap the padding firmly over the wound with a bandage or other clean cloth. If the blood soaks through the bandage, do not remove it—just add another pad on top and secure it with a new bandage.

Note:If the bleeding cannot be stopped or is very heavy, call 999 immediately or go to the emergency room by yourself.

2. Suspected Fracture

Introduction:Falls, being hit by objects, or being crushed by heavy items can all cause broken bones. The best way to handle this is to have the injured person lie down stably and wait for medical personnel to arrive.

Treatment:

If the injured person is bleeding heavily, try to stop the bleeding.

If bone is protruding from the wound, cover the wound with something thick to reduce the risk of infection.

Immobilize the fractured area—for example, secure a broken leg to the other leg, or a broken arm to the chest or a hard wooden board.

If spinal injury is suspected, do not move the injured person or let others move them. If the injured person is in the middle of the road, direct vehicles to drive around without moving the injured person, as this could cause further harm. Call 999 for help.

3. Unconsciousness

Causes:A person may lose consciousness for many reasons, including: head injury, diabetes, poisoning (such as carbon monoxide), epilepsy, hysteria, heart attack, severe bleeding, etc.

Treatment:

Call the injured person’s name and apply pain to determine if they are conscious.

    If the injured person responds, the situation is not serious and they can be taken to the hospital.

    If the injured person does not respond, check whether they have a heartbeat and breathing. If there is no heartbeat, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (only use if you are trained in first aid).

    If the injured person has a heartbeat and is breathing, place them in the recovery position. If spinal injury is suspected, do not move the person unless absolutely necessary, and be extremely careful if movement is required.

IV. Knife Wounds

Introduction:We encounter sharp objects in our daily lives, and accidental cuts leading to bleeding can easily occur. Fortunately, there's no need to panic when this happens.

Treatment:

Gently clean the wound with clean water and dry it with a clean cloth or paper;

Use clean tweezers to remove any foreign objects in the wound;

Press the wound with a clean cotton pad for several minutes to stop the bleeding, or use clean gauze, a handkerchief, or towel to stop the bleeding;

Apply an anti-infective ointment;

Small wounds may be left unbandaged as this promotes faster healing; larger wounds will require dressing.

Seek medical attention if the following conditions occur:

The wound shows signs of infection, such as increasing pain, redness, swelling, pus, and fever.

The wound is deep or large and requires stitches to aid healing.

Seek immediate help in the following situations:

You feel pain or are unable to move the injured area.

The wound continues to bleed and cannot be stopped by pressing.

There is heavy bleeding.

The wound was caused by a dirty sharp object, which may carry a risk of tetanus infection.

V. Drowning

Bring the drowning person to land.

If the drowning person is not breathing but still has a pulse, use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to restore their breathing.

If there is no breathing or pulse, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (only use if you are trained in first aid).

If breathing is normal, place the injured person in the recovery position on the ground.

    VI. Electric Shock

Introduction:Our daily lives rely heavily on electrical appliances, but improper use can pose a risk of electric shock. Standing in open areas during thunderstorms also increases the chance of being struck by lightning and getting electrocuted. When the human body is exposed to strong electric currents, it may result in unconsciousness, severe burns, and even the cessation of breathing and heartbeat, which can be fatal. Since the human body can conduct electricity, unless you are certain that the current has been cut off, never touch the victim, as the current could pass through them to you, endangering the rescuer as well.

Treatment:

Be sure to confirm that the electric current has been shut off.

If the current cannot be cut off, try turning off the main power switch, unplugging the device, or using a non-conductive object to separate the victim from the source of electricity. Suitable non-conductive items include those made of wood, plastic, or paper. Never use any metal objects or attempt to do this with bare hands.

If the victim is not breathing but still has a pulse, administer mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to restore breathing.

If the victim is not breathing and has no pulse, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR — only for those trained in first aid).

If the victim’s breathing is normal, let them lie in the recovery position.

VII. Eye Injuries

Introduction: Every year, more than ten thousand people visit hospital emergency rooms due to eye injuries, including cases involving sharp objects, chemical burns, and foreign bodies in the eye. Although most cases are minor, about 5% of patients suffer impaired vision. Therefore, administering the correct first aid after an eye injury is a critical step in saving vision, plays a key role in subsequent treatment, and can help prevent loss of sight.

Treatment:

Foreign Body in the Eye:When a foreign object (such as an eyelash, dust, or broken glass) gets into the eye, minor cases may be resolved by blinking or tear secretion. Never rub your eyes with your hands, as this could embed or scratch the cornea. If the foreign object remains in the eye, close your eyes and seek medical attention.

Eye Impact:This may cause bleeding or swelling of the eyeball or eyelid. The victim should immediately apply a cold compress (cold towel) for about fifteen minutes to alleviate pain and swelling, repeating every two to three hours. After 48 hours, switch to alternating warm and cold compresses. If vision becomes blurry, the eyelid turns black, or there is persistent eye pain, it may indicate internal eye damage — seek medical help immediately.

Cuts:After the injury, gently cover the injured eye and seek medical attention immediately. Do not wash the eye with water or try to remove any embedded objects yourself, and avoid rubbing or pressing the eye to stop bleeding. It is best to cover it gently with a paper cup or similar item.

Chemical Burns:Exposure to chemicals or agents such as gasoline or hair spray can cause pain, redness, and a burning sensation. Immediately rinse the eye with clean water, use your fingers to hold the eye open as wide as possible, and continue flushing for 15 minutes while rotating the eyeball to ensure thorough cleaning. Seek medical attention immediately afterward. Never attempt to “neutralize” with any chemicals, do not bandage the eye yourself, and avoid using an eyecup.

Prevention:

When using chemicals such as cleaning liquids or disinfectants, keep them away from your face and wash your hands afterward.

Use sharp objects properly.

Wear safety goggles.

Use protective filters to shield your eyes from intense light.

VIII. Poisoning

Introduction:Accidental ingestion of contaminated food, unsupervised use of medication, or industrial accidents can all lead to poisoning risks.

Treatment:The approach to treating a poisoned person varies depending on their consciousness level and the type of poison, but generally, the following first aid steps can be followed:

Take the poisoned person to the nearest hospital. If transporting by vehicle, try to keep them in the recovery position.

Quickly find someone to call the hospital to inform them that there will be a poisoning patient seeking medical treatment, and provide as much information as possible including what kind of poison was ingested, how much was taken, the symptoms, and the time of poisoning.
Bring the container that held the poison or any remaining poison to the hospital, as this will help doctors identify an antidote. As for before the victim is taken to the hospital, different methods can be used to assist the victim based on their condition.

For handling an unconscious poisoning victim:

Do not let them take anything by mouth.

Do not induce vomiting, as this may cause them to inhale their own vomit. If they do vomit, place them in the recovery position.

For handling a conscious poisoning victim:

Ask the victim or inspect the scene to find out what poison was ingested.

Check the victim’s lips, tongue, and throat for signs of chemical burns. If such burns are present, it indicates that the victim has ingested a corrosive poison.