Prevention of Heatstroke
When traveling outdoors on hot days, toxins produced by the body due to heat can cause heatstroke if not expelled in time. Heatstroke is one of the most common illnesses during outdoor trips. In addition to carrying medications for treating heatstroke, prevention is key. When traveling under the scorching sun for extended periods, make sure to schedule adequate rest breaks in shaded areas. Also, pay attention to sun protection and cooling during the journey—use a wet towel on your head, drink plenty of water, wear loose and lightweight clothing such as shorts and short-sleeved shirts.
Frostbite and Its Prevention
During winter travel, pay attention to keeping your feet, hands, ears, and other extremities warm to avoid frostbite. Wear appropriate gloves on your hands. For your feet, in addition to wearing well-fitting, insulated shoes and socks, you can also put a bit of crushed chili pepper at the tips of your toes, which is said to help promote blood circulation. Ears can be protected by wearing full-face balaclavas, head scarves, or hooded jackets to keep them warm.
Calluses and Blisters
After prolonged walking, blisters often form on the soles of your feet. Avoid pricking them to drain the fluid, especially during a trip—you can try loosening your footwear and pushing through. If the blister is too large or you’ve reached your campsite, you can carefully prick it with a clean needle to drain the fluid, then cover it with a band-aid for care. Calluses are the “capital” earned from long-distance travel—the thicker they are, the less likely you are to get blisters. This is the reward of extended journeys. Therefore, avoid deliberately removing calluses while bathing or washing your feet.
Fatigue and Soreness
During long treks, the muscles in your calves often become extremely fatigued and sore. At the campsite, actively massage the area to promote muscle recovery. Use a towel and hot water for repeated massage sessions, or try fire wine massage: ignite white liquor, quickly dip your fingers in the flaming liquid, and massage the tired areas—proper technique ensures you won’t get burned. You may also use specialized massage tinctures or recovery liquids.
Heat Fainting
Hikers with weaker constitutions, especially during summer climbs involving strenuous activity and excessive energy expenditure, are prone to heat fainting, particularly when they fail to replenish lost fluids and salts in time.
The main symptoms of heat fainting include feeling utterly exhausted yet restless, along with headaches, dizziness, or nausea. The person’s face may appear pale, and their skin may feel damp and cold. Breathing tends to be rapid and shallow, with a fast but weak pulse. Muscle spasms in the lower limbs or abdomen may also occur. Body temperature remains normal or may drop.
To prevent heat fainting, hikers with weaker constitutions should, during summer climbs, especially avoid overly strenuous activities, maintain a steady pace, and conserve energy. Drink plenty of water or beverages containing salt to help replenish lost electrolytes.