Japan’s Three Great Castles: The Magnificent Kumamoto Castle

By Lai Peixuan | Photography by Chi Binghui

The majestic Kumamoto Castle, built in 1607 by Kato Kiyomasa, boasts over 400 years of history and is counted among Japan’s Three Great Castles along with Osaka Castle and Nagoya Castle. The widely acclaimed Kato Kiyomasa was known for his outstanding governance and strategic foresight. Moreover, when constructing Kumamoto Castle, he planted numerous ginkgo trees within the castle grounds in anticipation of a prolonged siege, ensuring ample provisions. This earned Kumamoto Castle the nickname “Ginkgo Castle.”

Upon closer inspection of Kumamoto Castle, one can observe the unique slanted structure of its formidable stone walls, which makes them difficult for enemies to climb and exceptionally well-suited for defense—earning it the title “Warrior-Repelling Fortress.” The renowned “Uto Yagura,” located at the northwest corner of the honmaru (main bailey), is as large as the tenshu (main keep) of an average castle and is even referred to as the “Third Tenshu.” It is one of the few remaining all-wooden structures of Kumamoto Castle and has been designated as an Important Cultural Property of Japan.

After the Meiji Restoration, Kumamoto Castle became a key target during the Satsuma Rebellion, suffering extensive damage, including the destruction of the tenshu, which once stood at the highest point of the honmaru. The current tenshu was reconstructed in 1960 using reinforced concrete and now functions as a museum dedicated to Kumamoto Castle, chronicling its 400-year history.

Due to its vast grounds, visitors can spend 1–2 hours exploring this iconic Japanese castle. Guided tours are also available, where costumed guards and ninjas at the tenshu entrance create an immersive time-travel experience. In spring, the castle is also a renowned cherry blossom spot, with blooming sakura complementing the ancient fortress, adding a soft touch to its imposing grandeur.