Xing'an was originally named Emuer, named after the Emuer River. In 1906, a border outpost (kalan) was established here under the jurisdiction of the Vice Commander of Heilongjiang. In 1934, when Mohe was occupied by Japanese forces, a police station, military post, sentry, and surveillance points were set up at the Emuer Outpost to monitor the national border and keep an eye on the Soviet shore. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Emuer Township Government was established in 1956, changed to the Emuer People's Commune in 1958, and renamed Xing'an Commune in 1963.
Xing'an Township is a well-known "fishing town" along the upper reaches of the Heilongjiang River. During the fishing seasons in spring and autumn, people rush to catch fish, with each haul ranging from 50–60 fish to over a hundred kilograms. Here, every household weaves fishing nets and everyone knows how to fish. In good years, one person can catch up to a thousand kilograms of fish during the winter and spring seasons, and even children as young as seven or eight know how to "scoop fish" using bowls (a traditional fishing method).
Xing'an Port is a nationally approved international passenger and cargo transport port, comprising eight zones: the port office area, joint inspection area, dock area, port development area, living service area, enclosed cargo yard area, social development area, and riverside cargo transit area. Located midway between the Heihe and Manzhouli ports, Xing'an Port benefits from certain preferential policies designated by the Russian government. As a result, visitors can often find distinctive Russian products here, and the architecture has a strong foreign flair.
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