The Red Three Villages Anti-Japanese United Defense Site

　　The Red Three Villages Anti-Japanese United Defense Site is situated in Hanji Town, Cao County. It consists of three villages—Liu Gang, Cao Lou, and Yi Zhuang—that are no more than two or three li apart and arranged in a tripod formation. During the Anti-Japanese War, this area served as the capital of the Southwestern Shandong Anti-Japanese Base.

　　The Japanese invaders circled the three villages together with a red pen on their maps and wrote a large character “赤” (meaning “red”), from which the name “Red Three Villages” originated. In 1977, the site was designated as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit by the Shandong Provincial Revolutionary Committee.