Cliff inscriptions and steles

　　Cliff inscriptions and steles are among the more common historical and cultural phenomena on Zhongshan Mountain. Notable and meaningful examples include the Song Dynasty recarving of the Hezhangshi Cliff Inscription, which depicts the story of the Jiang family during the Northern and Southern Dynasties advocating for peace and national unification—urging their son to surrender to the Sui Dynasty so that the people would no longer suffer from war; the Biyunyan Cliff Inscriptions, featuring 11 cliff inscriptions (poetic titles) from the Song to the Republican era; the "Bai Man Zun Dao" Cliff Inscription, reflecting the Ming Dynasty’s implementation of the “using barbarians to control barbarians” Tusi system, the opening of land and water routes, and the forcing of local Yao, Zhuang, and Miao peoples to submit; the "Ping Man Feng Di Bei" (The Pacification of the Barbarians and Land Grant Stele), which records the historical events of the uprising led by Ou Kui, Qin Lu, and Kui Yale of the Huashan Dong Yao, Zhuang, and Miao people, the dispatch of Zhong Yi to suppress them at Huashan, the three-year campaign that led to peace, and Zhong Yi being granted the title of Extra District Defender of Fujian County, with his descendants hereditarily managing farmland and mountain lands within the Huashan Yao, Zhuang, and Miao territories for military farming; the "Da Yu Zong Ci Ji Shi Bei" (The Da Yu Ancestral Hall Chronicle Stele), which documents the events of Taiping Rebellion general Chen Jingang’s forces entering Zhongshan and laying siege to Dayu Village; the "Xiao Zhongshan Mo'an Cliff Inscriptions," which include Song Dynasty references to "Marshal Nong pacifying the Yao and restoring county governance," Ming Dynasty inscriptions such as “Zhuangyuan Peak” by the Fuyang magistrate, Republican-era texts like the “Zhong Lou Ji” written by Lu Shibiao and calligraphed by Zhang Tingfu, as well as anti-Japanese war poetry from the wartime period; the "Shi’er Che Qiao Mo'an Cliff Inscription" (Qing Dynasty), reflecting bridge and road construction; the Qing Dynasty "Yong Jin Da You, Long Gu Deng Shan Bei" (Steles Permanently Prohibiting Deforestation of Da You, Long Gu, and Other Mountains); and the Qing Dynasty "Kuai Le Shuo Bei" (Steles Promoting Harmony and Virtue between Han and Local Peoples), among others.