Qishan Shuang’an Site

　　This is a Longshan culture village site excavated in the 1970s by the Banpo Museum archaeological team. Its upper layers generally feature superimposed or mixed deposits of pre-Zhou culture, as well as graves, pottery kilns, and more, covering a total area of over 1 million square meters. Its notable features include:

　　The houses were built in three forms—round, rectangular, and cave-like—all of which are semi-subterranean. Structurally, the most common layout is a suite consisting of an inner room and an outer room, both rectangular in shape and connected by a passageway. Each dwelling includes a hearth, fireplace, and storage pit. The interior walls and floors were coated with a layer of relatively smooth and flat lime plaster.

　　The burials are all single, prone-position inhumations. Some lack skulls, some are mixed with animal bones, and others are buried in ash pits, indicating that the deceased were from relatively impoverished clan members.

　　The pottery kilns are vertical-shaft types, consisting of four parts: the fire mouth, fire pit, flue, and kiln chamber. The deepest part of the kiln pit reaches up to 4 meters. Pottery types include basins, jars, bowls, dou (stemmed bowls), li (tripod cauldrons), ding (?), gui (?), and xian (?), among which jars are the most numerous. Decorative patterns on the pottery surfaces include string patterns, two-ear patterns, openwork patterns, impressed patterns, and others. Many artifacts show signs of burning or charring.