Shangzhou Ba People Cave Tourist Area

　　Shangluo lies to the north of the Guanzhong region and to the east of the Central Plains. Among its mountains, rivers, and valleys are many rock chambers hewn into the cliffs, particularly densely distributed along both banks of the upper reaches of the Dan River. According to the 1988 cultural relics survey by Shaanxi Province, there are over 600 such sites within Shangluo, locally referred to as "bandit-evading caves" or "Ba People caves."

　　Within Shangzhou, there are 38 cave clusters comprising more than 1,200 caves, located along the Ru River basin and both sides of the Dan River, perched on the steep cliffs of nine towns: Yangxie, Machihe, Yangyuhé, Liowan, Shahezi, Zhangcun, Baiyangdian, Yecun, and Xiaoyi. These cliffs consist of red sandstone, red sandstone mixed with mudstone, marl, and calcareous schist. The caves are distributed at varying heights from 2 to 200 meters above the ground. Some are carved in secluded, hidden valleys and ridges far from the riverbanks, situated in strategically rugged terrain, nestled against mountains and near water—easy to defend and hard to attack.