Hutou Wetland

　　    Located within Hulin City, south of the Muling River, along the narrow low alluvial floodplain marsh area along the Ussuri River, covering a total area of 150 square kilometers. The terrain is flat, with an average water depth of less than 0.5 meters. Influenced by the sedimentation of the Ussuri River, the surface is covered with recent alluvial deposits. Surrounded by water on three sides, the landform type is relatively uniform, consisting of two types: river floodplains and first-level wetlands.

　　    The reserve has a mid-temperate continental monsoon climate, with long, harsh winters and short, warm, rainy summers. The annual average temperature is 2.5°C. The flora belongs to the Changbai plant system. There are 600 species of higher plants, belonging to 130 families.

　　    Among them, there are four nationally protected endangered plant species: Amur cork tree, Manchurian ash, Manchurian walnut, and wild soybean. In the low plain island-like forests, there are dozens of tree species, as well as dozens of types of Chinese herbal medicines, including littleleaf linden, Carex schmidtii, and Carex meyeriana. The wildlife resources are abundant. A preliminary survey identified 52 bird species, belonging to 13 orders and 27 families, including four species under national first-class protection: red-crowned crane, Siberian crane, white-tailed sea eagle, and white-headed eagle. The reserve is home to 235 species of mammals from 5 orders and 11 families, including seven species under national second-class protection: sika deer, moose, black bear, brown bear, lynx, otter, and snow hare. There are 45 fish species in the reserve, belonging to 7 orders, 10 families, and 41 genera.