Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall

　　Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao spent their teenage years in Tianjin, where they met, and at the Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall...

　　they fell in love and embarked on the revolutionary path together. The two great figures always regarded Tianjin as their second hometown. Before their passing, they left wills instructing that their ashes be scattered across the motherland's landscapes and over the Haihe River in Tianjin. To forever commemorate the great achievements and noble character of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao, the Tianjin Municipal Committee and the people of Tianjin, with approval from the Central Committee, established the Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall in Tianjin. On February 28, 1998, coinciding with the centennial of Zhou Enlai’s birth, the memorial hall was grandly inaugurated. Located on the picturesque north side of Tianjin’s Water Park, the Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall spans 70,000 square meters with a building area of 13,000 square meters. It is a garden-style memorial dedicated to great figures. The main structure stands 21.3 meters tall with three floors and features an "H"-shaped layout. The roof adopts a traditional double-eave design combined with modern craftsmanship, using stone roofing and granite for the exterior walls, giving it a simple and elegant color scheme. The surrounding memorial square, giant granite statue “Gazing Up at Noble Character,” Unstained Pavilion, memorial forest, lawns, and flowers complement the main building, creating an elegant and solemn atmosphere. The museum houses a rich collection of valuable artifacts. According to records, over 8,000 cultural relics, documents, photographs, and other materials have been collected, including more than a hundred precious items. The Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall has become an important venue in Tianjin for various educational activities such as oath-taking ceremonies for joining the Party, the Communist Youth League, and the Young Pioneers, coming-of-age ceremonies, new recruits entering military service, veterans retiring, and major commemorative days and holidays. Especially during the memorial days of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao, Tomb-Sweeping Day, July 1st, May 1st, and the October 1st Golden Week, visitors from all over come in various forms to pay tribute to the great figures, creating wave after wave of visits.

　　- Exhibition Halls Introduction

　　The exhibition halls of the memorial include the Hall of Reverence, Hall of Life, Hall of Sentiment, Hall of the Special Aircraft, Bamboo Carving Couplets Hall, and Calligraphy and Painting Art Hall.

　　Hall of Reverence

　　At the front stands a white marble statue of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao titled “Love Filling the Land,” with a large tapestry “Vast Sea and Open Clouds” as the backdrop. The flanking relief walls depict historic scenes such as the May Fourth Movement, the Nanchang Uprising, the Long March, the Xi’an Incident, the Founding Ceremony of the Nation, and the construction of the motherland.

　　Hall of Life

　　This section includes nine parts: (1) Demeanor: showcasing joint photos and representative handwritten poems and calligraphy of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao from various historical periods. (2) Pursuit of Truth: recounting their early revolutionary journey of aspiring to save the nation, leading struggles, and engaging in party-building activities. (3) Saving China: recreating Zhou Enlai’s leadership in the Nanchang Uprising, his efforts in the white areas, command of the Long March, promotion of the nationwide resistance against Japan, direction of the Liberation War, and establishment of New China. (4) Premier of the State: introducing Zhou Enlai’s role as Premier, planning national development, promoting ethnic unity, upholding independence, and making immortal contributions to world peace. (5) Leading Women’s Movements: highlighting Deng Yingchao’s outstanding achievements in leading women’s movements and enhancing international exchanges among women. (6) Turning the Tide: reflecting Zhou Enlai’s strategic vision during the Cultural Revolution, protecting many cadres, overcoming anti-party factions, and reconstructing plans for the Four Modernizations. (7) Inheriting the Cause: reviewing Deng Yingchao’s distinguished work in her later years, supporting reform and opening up, and enhancing international friendship. (8) Immortal Spirits: tracing the heartfelt mourning of the entire nation for the beloved comrades Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao, displaying the urns that once held their ashes. (9) Turning Wishes into Reality: showcasing how the Chinese people, guided by the spirit of the 15th CPC National Congress, have carried forward the legacy of Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao, and other proletarian revolutionaries to comprehensively advance socialism with Chinese characteristics into the 21st century. The Life Exhibition Hall uses restored scenes, miniature landscapes, lightbox charts, ultra-wide screens, rear-projection screens, touch displays, and a wealth of historical data, precious documents, and artifacts to fully present the demeanor of these two exemplary great figures.

　　(5) Leading the Women’s Movement: Showcasing Deng Yingchao’s outstanding achievements in leading the women’s movement and enhancing exchanges with women worldwide. (6) Turning the Tide: Reflecting Zhou Enlai’s strategic brilliance during the “Cultural Revolution,” where he upheld the overall situation, protected a large number of cadres, defeated anti-Party cliques, and reconstructed the blueprint for the Four Modernizations. (7) Carrying Forward the Great Cause: Reviewing Deng Yingchao’s distinguished work in her later years, holding key Party and government positions, supporting reform and opening up, and strengthening international friendships. (8) Eternal Spirit: Tracing the heartfelt mourning across the nation for the beloved comrades Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao, and respectfully displaying the urns that once held the ashes of these two great leaders. (9) Legacies Transformed into Grand Blueprints: Depicting how the Chinese people, inheriting the will of proletarian revolutionaries such as Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao, guided by the spirit of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, have comprehensively advanced the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics into the 21st century. The Life Exhibition Hall employs modern technological methods such as restored scenes, miniature landscapes, lightbox charts, ultra-wide screens, rear-projection large screens, and touch displays, along with a wealth of detailed historical materials and precious documents and cultural relics, to fully showcase the charisma of these two great figures and role models.

　　Hall of Sentiment

　　The Hall of Sentiment is located on the east and west sides of the second floor of the memorial, divided into Sentiment Hall I and Sentiment Hall II. With an exhibition line of 120 meters and an area of 500 square meters, it displays over 140 cultural relics and documents. The theme of the Sentiment Hall focuses on emotions, using numerous artifacts to showcase the lofty character and spiritual demeanor of the two great figures. To create the right atmosphere, each hall features a wax figure that interacts with the surrounding exhibits. Sentiment Hall I, themed “Revolutionary Companions and Public Servants’ Style,” is set against the backdrop of the large oil painting “Welcoming the Hosts in Festive Attire.” A wax figure of Deng Yingchao, “Smiling Recalling Gan Tang,” blends with the artifacts on the wall. Against the vivid, richly colored crabapple trees, the kind and amiable Mother Deng sits on a wicker chair in the yard, radiating warmth and love. This hall introduces the love and family bonds between Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao, highlighting their mutual affection, respect, encouragement, assistance, trust, understanding, compromise, and consolation, as well as their warm support and strict expectations for relatives. It also emphasizes their noble character in treating the children of comrades and martyrs as their own. The surrounding walls display daily necessities used by Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao during decades of hardship, as well as items they kept or gifted to relatives and martyrs’ families. Among the exhibits are letters exchanged between Zhou and Deng from 1938 to 1974 and their joint photos, most of which were carefully preserved by Deng Yingchao. These items reflect their virtues of simplicity and integrity, thus revealing the theme of “Revolutionary Companions and Public Servants’ Style.” Sentiment Hall II, themed “Love Shining Across the World,” features a colorful spray-painted backdrop centered on Earth, decorated with the words “Serving the People” in various ethnic scripts. A wax figure titled “Dedicated to the End,” modeled after a photo of Zhou Enlai in his later years taken by Italian journalist Giorgio Lotti, symbolizes his contributions to world peace and ethnic unity. The surrounding artifacts give the impression that Premier Zhou is truly close to the hearts of the people. The walls display letters exchanged between Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao, and friends from all walks of life, gifts they exchanged, and the tributes from Chinese and international people after their passing, reflecting their ability to unite all possible forces across parties, ethnicities, and nations, and the glorious image they established among the Chinese and global populace. There are also gifts sent to Deng Yingchao by people and foreign friends expressing their mourning for Zhou Enlai and admiration for Deng Yingchao, such as Mother’s Day cards from American students and hand-sewn cotton-padded jackets from Tianjin youth, all demonstrating their value for friendship, love for the people, peace, and the heartfelt devotion of the Chinese and global people. These exhibits aptly reveal the theme of “Love Shining Across the World.” The book *Navigating Stormy Waters Together—Interpreting the Love Letters of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao* displays 74 letters, reflecting the pure and graceful spiritual world of this revolutionary couple.

　　On a color-sprayed background adorned with the words “Serve the People” in various ethnic scripts, stands a wax figure titled “Devoted to the End,” modeled after an iconic late-life photo of Zhou Enlai taken by Italian journalist Giorgio Lotti. This symbolizes Zhou’s contributions to world peace and national unity. Surrounded by cultural relics, visitors feel as though Premier Zhou is truly among the hearts of the people. The surrounding exhibition walls display correspondence and gifts exchanged between Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao, and friends from all walks of life, as well as the varied forms of remembrance from Chinese and international people after their passing, reflecting their ability to unite all possible forces across parties, ethnicities, and nations, and the radiant image they established in the hearts of the Chinese and global populace. There are also gifts sent to Deng Yingchao by people across the country and foreign friends after Zhou Enlai’s death to express their mourning for Zhou and admiration for Deng—such as Mother’s Day cards mailed by Chinese students studying in the U.S. and hand-sewn silk cotton-padded jackets made by Tianjin youth for Deng Yingchao—which vividly express their emphasis on friendship, love for the people, and dedication to peace, as well as the heartfelt devotion of the Chinese and world people toward them. These exhibits aptly reveal the theme “Love Shines Across the World, Admired Universally.” The book *Through Stormy Seas Together – Interpretation of the Love Letters of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao* showcases 74 letters exchanged between the revolutionary couple, reflecting their pure and elegant spiritual world.

　　Hall of the Special Aircraft

　　The Special Aircraft Hall is located on the east side of the main building of the memorial. On the green lawn sits an Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft with tail number 678. The exhibition hall for Premier Zhou’s aircraft is a steel spherical grid structure, supported by two intersecting arc-shaped grids, with an open arc on all sides and a blue semi-transparent polycarbonate roof. From a distance, it resembles an eagle soaring in the blue sky, symbolizing Zhou Enlai’s youthful aspiration: “May we meet when China takes flight among the nations.” Premier Zhou’s aircraft is arguably the largest relic collected and displayed in domestic revolutionary memorials. It symbolizes China’s peaceful diplomacy and embodies the noble character and spirit of the great Zhou Enlai. Compared to today’s aircraft, this one may seem small and outdated, yet it has an extraordinary history. In the early 1950s, shortly after the founding of New China, the country was rebuilding from scratch. In April 1957, when Nikolai Bulganin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, visited China, he learned that Premier Zhou did not have a dedicated aircraft. Upon returning to the USSR, he personally selected an Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft and gifted it to Premier Zhou on behalf of the state. On the morning of August 2 of the same year, the plane, piloted by a Soviet crew, landed at Beijing’s Xijiao Airport, where a grand handover ceremony was held. Premier Zhou attended and spoke, saying: “Although this aircraft is given to me, it is managed by the Civil Aviation Administration of China. When I’m not using it, it is available for leaders of the state and distinguished guests invited by the state.” Thus, China’s first state leader’s dedicated aircraft came into being. With this aircraft, Premier Zhou’s work became much more convenient. He flew across the country, seeking peace and friendship by visiting countries such as India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, and North Korea. Unlike other planes of the same model, this one had two additional small desks and a single bed in the cabin—but the beloved Premier barely rested on it, dedicating every moment to serving the people. For security reasons, the aircraft had two numbers: 678 and 600, ensuring the safety of Premier Zhou and other leaders. Aside from domestic inspections and foreign visits by Premier Zhou, the aircraft also had a special mission: transporting visiting foreign heads of state such as Ho Chi Minh, Kim Il-sung, and Norodom Sihanouk. Senior Chinese leaders such as Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Deng Xiaoping, He Long, and Chen Yi frequently used the plane. In the mid-to-late 1960s, as China introduced newer Ilyushin Il-18 models from the USSR, Premier Zhou no longer used the Il-14. The plane was transferred to the Second Aircraft Fleet by the First Aircraft Fleet of the Civil Aviation Administration, serving in aerial survey and commercial flights in Beijing, Tianjin, Taiyuan, and elsewhere until it was retired at Taiyuan Airport in 1993. On February 28, 1998, the Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall officially opened, exhibiting the aircraft as a display item for visitors.

　　Bamboo Carving and Calligraphy Halls

　　These halls gather and display bamboo carving artworks and calligraphy and paintings by renowned individuals and artists from across the country, all dedicated to Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao.

　　The memorial fulfills its educational role through multiple functions. The Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Research Center, jointly established by the Central Archives Research Office and the memorial, conducts in-depth academic research on the lives and thoughts of Zhou and Deng. It collects publications and cultural relics related to the two great figures in various formats. The center also sets up an electronic reading room using computer network technology to provide information for researchers worldwide. The memorial also has a theater, multifunctional hall, and VIP lounge. The theater mainly screens documentary films about Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao; the multifunctional hall hosts academic lectures, commemorative ceremonies, and thematic exhibitions. The square and garden areas of the memorial are also open for group tours and visitors.

　　- Precious Collections

　　Ash Urns: Previously used by Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao. After Zhou passed away in January 1976, his ashes were placed in this camphorwood urn carved with pine and crane designs. Per his wishes, his ashes were scattered at sea. After Deng Yingchao passed away in July 1992, her ashes were placed in the same urn and scattered in the Haihe River according to her will. Printing Machine: Used by the Tianjin Students’ Federation during the May Fourth Movement to print the *Tianjin Students’ Federation Newspaper*. Zhou Enlai once served as the newspaper’s chief editor, wrote articles himself, and participated in the printing process. Flag of Hard Struggle: On August 1, 1945, the 15th anniversary of the Nanchang Uprising, staff of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee wrote the words “Hard Struggle” in ink on red silk, signed it, and gifted it to Zhou Enlai as a memento of his leadership in the uprising. Bronze Pen Holder: Used by Zhou Enlai when he studied at Nankai Middle School from 1913 to 1917.

　　- “Twelve Series” Educational Bases

　　A ceremony establishing the “Employees’ Ideological Education Base” was jointly held by the Tianjin Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall and Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd. Attendees included Chen Jin, Deputy Director of the Central Archives Research Office and Vice President of the Literature Research Society, Major General Ji Dong, former secretary to Zhou Enlai and former Vice President of the Armed Police Command College, and Liao Xinwen, President of the Zhou Enlai Thought and Life Studies Association under the Literature Research Society. Since its opening in 1998, the Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall has received 6 million visitors from home and abroad. Establishing cooperative programs is a meaningful way for the memorial to explore social services, expand its functions, and extend educational reach. Over 12 years, the memorial has partnered with over 60 organizations at central and local levels to establish unique “Twelve Series” educational bases tailored to different audiences (including ideological education bases for civil servants, education bases for overseas Chinese, revolutionary tradition and employee education bases for enterprises and institutions, clean governance education bases for Tianjin’s party and government leaders and police, military ideals education bases for soldiers, national defense education bases for Tianjin, community education bases for residents, moral education bases for university students, advanced party member education bases, youth volunteer service practice bases, and youth education bases for school students). To explore new development paths after free admission, the memorial leverages its social education function and resource advantages, actively collaborating with enterprises—especially large state-owned ones—to deepen research, excavation, and organization of the thoughts of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao through various cooperative forms. This promotes the improvement of the memorial’s services and its development. Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd. has designated the memorial as an employee ideological education base, further utilizing social education resources to enrich corporate culture and align economic, political, and social responsibilities with lofty revolutionary spirit and rational scientific approaches.

　　visitor sessions. Carrying out joint construction activities is a beneficial approach for the memorial hall to explore ways of serving society, fulfilling its functions, and extending its educational reach. Over 12 years, the Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall has established 12 distinctive “series of educational bases” with over 60 central and local organizations, targeting different audiences (including an “Ideological Education Base” for national civil servants, an “Overseas Chinese Education Base” for patriotic compatriots, “Revolutionary Tradition Education Bases” and “Employee Ideological Education Bases” for enterprises and institutions, a “Clean Governance Education Base” for Tianjin’s Party and government leaders and police officers, a “Military Personnel Ideal and Belief Education Base” for troops, a “National Defense Education Base” for Tianjin, a “Community Education Base” for residents, an “Ideological and Moral Education Base” for university students, an “Advanced Party Members Education Base,” a “Youth Volunteer Service Practice Base,” and a “Youth Education Base” for primary and secondary school students). To explore new development strategies after free admission, the memorial hall leverages its social education functions and resource advantages by actively collaborating with enterprises, especially large state-owned enterprises, through various joint construction formats. This further deepens research, exploration, and organization of the ideological essence of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao, promotes the improvement of the memorial hall’s service functions, and advances its institutional development. China Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd. has designated the Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall as an employee ideological education base, further utilizing social education resources to enrich corporate culture and drive the enterprise to uphold a high unity of lofty revolutionary spirit and rational scientific attitudes, while fulfilling its economic, political, and social responsibilities.

　　- Educational Significance

　　The Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall fulfills its educational role through multiple functions. The Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Research Center, jointly established by the Central Literature Research Office and the memorial, conducts in-depth academic research on the lives and thoughts of Zhou and Deng. It collects publications and cultural relics related to the two great figures in various formats. The center also sets up an electronic reading room using computer network technology to provide information for researchers worldwide. Zhou Enlai made significant contributions to the military theory and practice of the War of Resistance Against Japan and the global anti-fascist war. From the September 18 Incident in 1931 to the Pacific War outbreak in 1941, global conflict escalated from its prologue to full-scale war, spreading across Asia, Europe, and Africa. Most nations invaded by fascism fell, even powerful France surrendered. Yet China, though weaker, resisted Japanese fascism and achieved complete victory. One key reason was the Chinese Communist Party’s formation and maintenance of the Anti-Japanese National United Front. Zhou Enlai played an outstanding role in preserving this united front: He assessed the situation and proposed the strategy of pressuring Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan, laying the ideological foundation for the united front. He endured hardships for the Party, safeguarding the unity of the front for the greater good. He reminded the Party to learn from past lessons, advocating struggle to achieve unity and emphasizing the importance of maintaining leadership within the front. The formation, consolidation, development, and growth of the Anti-Japanese National United Front bear Zhou Enlai’s profound imprint. Amid the smoke of battle and enemy propaganda, Zhou demonstrated foresight, predicting a prolonged war and proposing strategies for enduring victory: 1. Only a nationwide resistance could sustain the war. 2. Strategic expansion and guerrilla warfare in enemy-occupied areas were essential. 3. Reforming old forces and building new armaments were necessary. 4. Marxist theory must guide creative solutions to the relationship between guerrilla warfare and base areas, properly managing the interplay between guerrilla, mobile, and positional warfare on the Nationalist front. All these efforts pointed the way for developing resistance bases and reversing defeat into victory against Japanese fascism. In September 1939, as the war entered a stalemate, Zhou reminded people to recognize Japan’s dual tactics of military and political offensives while monitoring the European war. In June 1941, learning from underground CPC intelligence agent Yan Baohang about Germany’s June 21 “Operation Barbarossa” invasion of the USSR, Zhou immediately alerted the Soviets through two channels, enabling Soviet troops to enter combat readiness 24 hours before the attack and avoid greater losses. In 1941, Zhou foresaw the Pacific War. After its outbreak, he promptly proposed correct strategic guidelines, analyzed the war’s global context from six characteristics of the anti-fascist struggle, and called for unified global anti-fascist action. His predictions proved brilliantly accurate, marking him as a globally minded statesman and strategist. In summer 1944, Zhou obtained detailed Japanese defense maps of Northeast China through Yan Baohang and relayed them swiftly to the Soviet Red Army, contributing significantly to the ultimate victory of the global anti-fascist war.

　　The Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Research Center, jointly established by the research office and the memorial hall, will conduct in-depth and extensive academic research on the lives and thoughts of Zhou and Deng. It collects various forms of publications and cultural relic documents related to the two great figures from both China and abroad. The center will also set up an electronic reading room using computer network technology to provide data and information for researchers domestically and internationally. Zhou Enlai made important contributions to the military theory and practice of the War of Resistance Against Japan and the global anti-fascist war. From the September 18 Incident launched by Japanese imperialism in 1931 to the Pacific War in 1941, the world conflict evolved from its prologue to a full-scale war, with flames spreading across Asia, Europe, and Africa. Among the dozens of countries invaded by fascism, most fell, even France, a world power, surrendered. Yet China, though a weaker nation, dared to resist Japanese fascist aggression and ultimately achieved a complete and great victory. One of the more crucial reasons was that China forged and vigorously upheld the Anti-Japanese National United Front. And Zhou Enlai made outstanding contributions in maintaining this great united front: he assessed the situation, proposed the new strategy of pressuring Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan, laying the ideological foundation for forming the united front; he endured personal sacrifices for the Party, prioritized the greater good of the nation, and earnestly maintained the unity of the united front; he reminded the whole Party to learn from past lessons, advocated striving for unity through struggle, and emphasized securing the Party’s leadership within the united front. The formation, consolidation, development, and growth of the Anti-Japanese National United Front bear the profound imprint of Comrade Zhou Enlai at every step. Amid the smoky battlefields and the various political smokescreens spread by the Japanese enemy, Zhou Enlai demonstrated far-sighted vision, foreseeing that the war would be a protracted one and proposing a strategy for enduring victory. 1. Only when the entire populace rises to resist can the war be sustained. 2. Strategic deployment must be implemented and guerrilla warfare developed in enemy-occupied areas for the war to endure. 3. The old army must be reformed and a new military force established. Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall

　　The war can only be sustained if these measures are taken. 4. Marxist-Leninist theory must guide the creative resolution of the relationship between guerrilla warfare and base areas, properly handling the relationship between guerrilla warfare, mobile warfare, and positional warfare in operations on the Kuomintang’s frontal battlefields. All these provided direction for the development of anti-Japanese base areas, for the Chinese people to turn defeat into victory, and for resisting Japanese fascism. In September 1939, as the War of Resistance entered the stalemate phase, Zhou Enlai reminded people to recognize the Japanese invaders’ dual policy of shifting from purely military attacks to a combination of military and political offensives, while also keeping a close watch on the evolving situation in Europe. In June 1941, Zhou learned from Yan Baohang, a covert Party member under his leadership engaged in international intelligence work, about Germany’s “Operation Barbarossa” to invade the Soviet Union on June 21. He immediately alerted the Soviet Union through two channels, enabling Soviet forces to enter a state of combat readiness 24 hours before the attack and avoiding greater losses. In 1941, Zhou Enlai demonstrated keen foresight by predicting the outbreak of the Pacific War. After the Pacific War began, he promptly proposed correct strategic guidelines, assessed the overall war situation, and elaborated on the relationship between the Pacific War and the global conflict based on six characteristics of the world anti-fascist war. He called on anti-aggression nations to unite, share a common fate, and eliminate global fascism. The entire progression of the Pacific War also powerfully proved Zhou’s predictions and judgments to be wise and accurate, befitting a statesman and military strategist with a global perspective. In the summer of 1944, Zhou obtained detailed Japanese defense maps of China’s northeast through Yan Baohang and quickly relayed them to the Soviet Red Army, making an outstanding contribution to the final victory of the anti-fascist war in China and around the world.

　　During the Pacific War, he simultaneously recognized Japan’s dual strategy of military and political offensives, while also monitoring the evolving situation in Europe.

　　-Service Guide

　　You can get there by taking bus routes 94, 904, 643, 871, 872, as well as Sightseeing Route 2. Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall Electronic Map Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall Tickets/Opening Hours Permanently free of charge. Local residents and out-of-town visitors may obtain tickets directly upon presenting valid identification. Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall

　　Nineteen public welfare ticket booths have been set up across various districts and counties in the city to accept group reservations. Opening Hours: Open to the public from Tuesday to Sunday every week, closed on Mondays. Opens at 9:00 AM daily, stops admitting visitors at 4:00 PM, and closes at 4:30 PM. Ticket Price: Free admission since December 28, 2007. Individuals who were originally eligible for free entry (minors, seniors aged 70 and above, people with disabilities, and active-duty military personnel) may still enter with valid identification under the original policy. Individual visitors from the city may obtain free admission tickets at designated pick-up locations in their respective districts or counties by presenting valid personal identification. Visitors with tickets are requested to visit on the date indicated on the ticket. For group visits, please make advance reservations with the ticket booths in the respective districts/counties or the memorial hall, and collect your free admission tickets at the designated pick-up locations. Out-of-town individual visitors may present valid identification such as an ID card at the memorial hall ticket office for entry. Tour groups, after making advance reservations with the memorial hall, may have their guides collect group admission tickets at the memorial hall with the itinerary ticket.

　　Zhou Enlai (1898–1976)　　Zhou Enlai was a Marxist, proletarian revolutionary, statesman, military strategist, and diplomat. He was one of the principal leaders of the Communist Party of China and the People's Republic of China, one of the founders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and the Premier of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976). Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang, he was born in Huai'an, Jiangsu. After graduating from Nankai School in Tianjin in 1917, he went to Japan to study. He returned to China in 1919, entered Nankai University in September, and became a leader among Tianjin students during the May Fourth Movement. Together with other activists, he co-founded the progressive group Awakening Society. In 1920, he went to France to work and study. In 1921, he joined...   More+

　　Deng Yingchao (1904–1992)　　Deng Yingchao (1904–1992) was a great proletarian revolutionary, stateswoman, renowned social activist, staunch Marxist, outstanding leader of the Party and the country, and a pioneer of the women’s movement in China. Deng Yingchao, originally named Deng Wenshu, was a native of Guangshan, Henan Province, and was born in Nanning, Guangxi on February 4, 1904. She lost her father at a young age and lived a frugal life with her mother, Yang Zhende, who worked as a doctor or private tutor. From 1913 to 1920, she studied successively at Beijing Civilian School and Tianjin First Women's Normal School of Zhili. Later, she taught at the affiliated primary school of Peking Normal University and Tianjin Daren Girls' School. In her youth, Deng Yingchao devoted herself to the revolution...   More+