Baishuling Site

　　Located at Baishuling in Huayuan Township of this county, the site was discovered during a 1959 survey of cultural relics in the Han River basin. It extends from north to south, with gullies on both the eastern and western sides, and connects to the southern terrace of the northern bank of the Yue River. During the construction of the Yang’an Railway, two-thirds of the site were destroyed, leaving approximately 40,000 square meters intact. The cultural layer of the site is exposed, about 1–2 meters thick, containing stone tools, red pottery shards, painted pottery shards, fired earth, charcoal residue, bone tools, and more.

　　Most of the stone tools are polished, with some showing a combination of grinding and polishing. The artifacts include axes, adzes, chisels, grinding plates, grinding rods, hoes, leaf-shaped knives, and arrowheads with ridges on both sides.

　　The pottery mainly consists of sand-tempered red pottery and clay red pottery, including production tools, household items, and ornaments. The items include spinning whorls, pottery files, tripod cauldrons, bowls, jars, cups, basins, plates, steamers, vats, urns, and pointed-bottom bottles. There is also a beautifully crafted pottery ring decorated with braided cord patterns. Most of the pottery is adorned with black or purple painted designs, featuring fine lines, cord marks, string patterns, incised lines, punctate patterns, wavy patterns, and applied reliefs.

　　The bone tools are mostly fragments, but relatively intact examples include bone awls and bone spades. There are also two shell knives.

　　The cultural content of the site generally belongs to the Miaodigou type of the Yangshao Culture. Among the pottery, the small single-lipped pointed-bottom bottles and painted patterned rolled-rim basins show characteristics of the Banpo type. Meanwhile, plate-shaped artifacts, thick-walled open-mouthed urns, and exquisitely made small stone tools exhibit distinct local features.