Robben Island

　　From the 17th to the 20th century, Robben Island had various uses — it served as a prison, a hospital for those deemed socially undesirable, and a military base. Its buildings, especially the highly secure prisons used in the late 20th century to hold political prisoners, symbolize the triumph of democracy and freedom over oppression and racism. The structures on Robben Island stand as some of the most compelling testimonies to its dark history. The island and its prison complex embody the human spirit’s victory of freedom and democracy over tyranny.

　　According to records, the island is home to 74 species of birds, including 14 seabirds, 24 wading or other water birds, and the rest terrestrial birds. Among these, at least six species were introduced from elsewhere, such as the common quail and the helmeted guineafowl, which bring a distinctly exotic flair. Many seabirds breed and nest on the island. Native vegetation on Robben Island is sparse, so a variety of shrubs have been planted, along with many exotic tree species. Birds happily nest in these trees. In spring, the profusion of blooming flowers across Robben Island creates one of the most spectacular sights along South Africa’s west coast.

　　The island is inhabited by two species of amphibians, eight species of lizards and geckos, three species of snakes, and one species of turtle. A small number of Cape grysbok, springbok, klipspringer, and gemsbok have also been spotted, while the population of ostriches is steadily increasing. The marine flora and fauna around Robben Island are typical representatives of the southwestern Cape region, with numerous abalone and lobsters under local protection.

　　Robben Island Reason to visit: The island with the most diverse uses Continent: Africa Country/Region: South Africa Province/State: Western Cape Province