Memorial Park of the Muer Mountain Revolutionary Base

　　The Memorial Park of the Muer Mountain Revolutionary Base is a national patriotic education base and a protected revolutionary memorial structure in Hainan Province. In June 2001, it was designated as a National Patriotic Education Demonstration Base by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee. The managing authority is the Civil Affairs Bureau of Ding’an County.

　　The Memorial Park of the Muer Mountain Revolutionary Base is located on the former site of the Red Army’s parade ground and command platform in Zhongrui Farm, southern Ding’an County, Hainan Province. Covering an area of 20 mu, the park was built with a total investment of 2.3 million yuan. At its center stands a 3.5-meter-tall bronze statue of General Feng Baiju and Chairman Wang Wenming, key founders of the Qiongya revolutionary movement. The park includes an exhibition hall, reception room, duty office, inscription pavilion, lakeside pavilion, rockery pond, two stone lions, a main gate, enclosing walls, and a parking lot, with a total construction area of 5,394.6 square meters. The two-story exhibition hall, with a main building area of 689.46 square meters, displays historical materials and precious cultural relics from four phases of Hainan’s revolutionary struggle during the New Democratic Revolution period. These include various daily necessities, work tools, weapons, flags, seals, and historical photographs used by soldiers of the Qiongya Column.

　　The Memorial Park of the Muer Mountain Revolutionary Base was approved for preparation in 1992 by the Hainan Provincial Committee and Provincial Government, with the preparatory committee led by a provincial-level leader overseeing the project. Formal construction began on October 16, 1993, and the inauguration ceremony was held on August 1, 1996, the same day it opened to the public.

　　Three inscriptions in the park, including the “Introduction to the Muer Mountain Revolutionary Base,” were erected under the name of the Hainan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Hainan Provincial Government. The two inscription pavilions feature calligraphy from leaders at all levels, as well as a “Honor Roll” of donors from governments, organizations, and individuals.

　　Muer Mountain is located in the southern part of Ding’an County, spanning over 100 square li. With its high mountains and dense forests, and its strategically rugged terrain, it served as an important base for the Qiongya revolution. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, Muer Mountain housed the three leading bodies of the Qiongya Special Committee, the Qiongya Soviet Government, and the Red Army Independent Division. In March 1928, the Nationalist Army’s Cai Tingkai Division arrived in Hainan to “encircle and suppress” the Qiongya revolution, and the anti-encirclement efforts of the Qiongya military and civilians suffered setbacks. By the end of that year, Wang Wenming, Chairman of the Qiongya Soviet Government, led his troops to relocate to Muer Mountain, establishing a revolutionary base and preserving the revolutionary spark for the first time. In June 1929, the Red Army Independent Regiment was formed here. In April 1930, the Fourth Congress of the Communist Party of Qiongya was held in the Muer Mountain Revolutionary Base, where important resolutions such as launching the “Red May Military Offensive” were made. In August, the Red Army Independent Division was established in Muer Mountain. In the same month, the Second Congress of Workers, Peasants, and Soldiers of Qiongya was convened here, leading to the formation of the Second Qiongya Soviet Government.

　　In July 1932, the Guard Brigade of the Guangdong Provincial Government of the Nationalist Party, led by Chen Hanguang, arrived in Hainan to “encircle and suppress” the Qiongya revolutionary base. After the Red Army’s anti-encirclement efforts failed, Feng Baiju led the Qiongya Party, government, and military leadership along with over 100 guards to engage in guerrilla warfare and persistent resistance in Muer Mountain, with only 25 members surviving in the end. After more than eight months of arduous struggle, they successfully broke through the encirclement in April 1933, preserving the revolutionary spark for the second time.