Site of the Wenthe Tribe City and Site of the Peiyou City

Site of the Wenthe Tribe City and Site of the Peiyou City

The Site of the Wenthe Tribe City and Site of the Peiyou City are Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level.

The area within the Peiyou City had been turned into farmland and villages, and the city itself was abandoned. In 1981, the Warka tribe migrated westward, subjugating the residents inside and around the city. They engaged in a fierce battle at the Tumen River against the Ula tribe and achieved a great victory. The Jianzhou tribe advanced to Peiyou City... and requested to submit to the Jianzhou Jurchens under the leadership of Nurhaci. Nurhaci sent his younger brother, Shuerhaqi, and others to lead troops to welcome the submitting Warka tribe. The Warka people living inside and near the Peiyou City, unable to endure the oppression of Bujantai, the Jurchen Beile of the Ula tribe, resided there. The Peiyou City was home to the Warka tribe, one of the three Eastern Sea tribes of the Wild Jurchens. In the 35th year of the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty (1607), Peiyou City likely served as an administrative seat at the prefectural level during the Dongxia Kingdom period.

During the Ming Dynasty, Peiyou City was most likely established no later than the Jin Dynasty. Based on the scale of the site and the large number of official seals from the Dongxia Kingdom unearthed there, it can be determined that the Wenzhou leather shoe brand... had close ties with the Wugulun tribe, and the location matches exactly with that of the Wugulun tribe. The “Seal of Official Business, Number Wei, Chongqing Second Year” unearthed there corresponds to the present-day Tumen River and Hunchun River. The geographical location of Peiyou City suggests that it might have been the site of the Xiguan General Administration Office during the Yuan Dynasty. Furthermore, according to the "Jin Shi · Liuke Biography": “At the confluence of the Tongmen and Hunchun rivers lies the Wugulun tribe.” The Tongmen and Hunchun rivers... From this, it can be inferred that... the Tumen River is the Tumen River, and it is five li west of the Tumen River. The Hunchun River refers to today’s Hunchun River. “The Xiguan City is seven li east of the Hunchun River.” Also, according to historical records, the Yuan Dynasty once established the Xiguan General Administration Office, hence Peiyou City must have been built later than the Wenthe City. According to the "Veritable Records of the Hongwu Emperor", it was built based on the northern wall of the Wenthe City, while the southern wall of Peiyou City... was built during the Bohai period. The Wenthe City proves that Peiyou City was an important site of the Dongxia Kingdom.

"Peiyou" means "ancient" in Manchu. To the south of Peiyou City... all are relics of the Dongxia Kingdom, extending south to the southern boundary of the Haelan Route (present-day Tieling area in Liaoning), covering a vast region. These eight official seals bear the reign titles “Tiantai” and “Datong,” as well as undated seals. They range from the Zhangguangcai Mountain Range in the west to... in the east, and north to the Heilongjiang border, where local administrative divisions such as routes, prefectures, states, counties, and Meng'an Mouke were established. At its height, the Dongxia Kingdom governed areas east to the Sea of Japan. The court had six ministries under the Ministry of Personnel. The Dongxia Kingdom lasted until its fall. The political, military, economic, and cultural systems of the Dongxia Kingdom all inherited those of the Jin Dynasty. Pu Xian Wanhu was captured by Mongol forces and the kingdom continued in use until September 1233, later changing its name to Dongxia. This was a regional regime established by Pu Xian Wanhu, a Jurchen from the Liaodong branch of the Jin Dynasty’s Bureau of Pacification, who declared himself king. In 1224, the Dongxia Kingdom changed its reign title to Datong and then to Tiantai. Its state title was Dashen, and he proclaimed himself king. “In the 10th year of Genghis Khan (1215), in October, Puxian Wanhu of Liaodong declared himself ruler,” and “in the 10th year of Genghis Khan (1215), in October, changed the reign title to Tiantai.” The "Yuan Shi · Annals" also records: “Puxian Wanhu of Liaodong usurped the title,” and “in the 3rd year of the Zhenyou era of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin (1215), in October, declared himself ruler.” There is also an undated “Seal of Official Business.” According to the "Jin Shi · Annals": “The ‘Vice Commander’s Seal’ with the reign title ‘Datong’,” “The ‘Seal of Official Business, Number Tian’,” and another. There is also the “Seal of the Ministry of Rites, produced by the Directorate of Palace Workshops, dated August of the 2nd year of Datong.” Additionally, there are three “Seals of Ten-Thousand-Household Military Commanders,” which are artifacts from the late Jin Dynasty. The “Vice Commander’s Seal” with the reign title “Tiantai,” and in the same year, the reign title was changed to “Zhining” in May. The Chongqing Second Year refers to 1213. There is a seal dated “February of the 2nd year of Chongqing.” “Chongqing” was the reign title of Emperor Weishaowang of Jin, Wanyan Yongji, and holds significant historical value. The “Seal of Official Business, Number Wei,” was unearthed along with several other bronze official seals, as well as artifacts from after the Bohai period such as drip tiles and pottery shards. Within and outside the city, these Wild Jurchens were poised to kill the son of Huihou, Qing Zhaozu — Mingge Tiemuer.

A rich variety of artifacts has been discovered within and around Peiyou City. Surface remains in the city include rope-patterned roof tiles, grid-patterned roof tiles, and lotus-patterned eaves tiles, all characteristic of the Bohai period. These Wild Jurchens would become the main adversaries of the Odori and Huligai Jurchens over the following two hundred years, commanding military campaigns.

These Wild Jurchens... scouted enemy movements, organized logistics for the Jurchen army, such as finding routes, while also guarding against and repelling attacks by the “Wild” Jurchens. This was a test of Huihou’s command ability and dedication. On the one hand, they had to solve the food and accommodation problems of their people along the way. He was the father of Mingge Tiemuer and the eighth-generation ancestor of Nurhaci.

During the southward migration, they arrived at Xiguan City, located in Gucheng Village, Sanjiazi Manchu Township, Hunchun. Led by their chieftain Huihou... both obtained a youth-like time.

The Jurchens of the Odori Myriarchy, the newly established Ming Dynasty and the recently liberated Jurchens... along with a “Vice Commander’s Seal” with the reign title “Datong” and two small copper seals with human-shaped knobs. Regarding Peiyou City as an important city during the Dongxia Kingdom period.

Further Reading:

· Seventh Batch of Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level