大马士革古城

大马士革古城

　　大马士革古城建于公元前3世纪，是中东地区最古老的城市之一。中世纪时期，大马士革是繁荣的手工业区（刀剑和饰带）。在它源于不同历史时期的125个纪念性建筑物中，以8世纪的大清真寺最为壮观。大马士革古城位于叙利亚西南部、外黎巴嫩山东麓，建在雄伟的克辛山的山坡上。1979年联合国教科文组织将大马士革古城作为文化遗产，列入《世界遗产名录》。

　　大马士革古城由一道具有城门的防卫城墙围护，其布局保持了自倭马亚王朝的哈里发时期形成的风格。城市设计保留了一些罗马和拜占庭时期的规划结构（例如按照四个方位基点进行定向的街道）。有篷市场、旅行车队圈地、宫殿、光塔和顶塔等都证明了大马士革古城起源于伊斯兰教的历史。在其众多的古建筑中，记载古城不同时期发展历程的大清真寺是朝圣者的首选；它也是伊斯兰教最神圣的地方。

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