Zanzibar

　　     A part of Tanzania. It consists of Unguja Island (Zanzibar Island), Pemba Island, and nearby smaller islands, covering an area of 2,657 square kilometers. Located in the western Indian Ocean, the two main islands are 36 kilometers and 57 kilometers away from the mainland, respectively. The population is about 630,000, mainly Swahili people, along with Arabs, Indians, Pakistanis, and others.      The islands are composed of coral reefs and feature low-lying terrain. The climate is hot and humid, with annual precipitation of 1,500–2,000 millimeters and an average annual temperature of 25°C. It was occupied by Portugal in 1503. From the 17th century, it belonged to the Sultanate of Muscat. In 1856, it became the independent Sultanate of Zanzibar. In 1890, it became a British protectorate. It declared independence in 1963. In 1964, the People's Republic of Zanzibar was established, and in the same year, it joined with Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanzania.      The economy is primarily agricultural, with cloves and coconuts being major products. It is known as the "Island of Cloves," with 4.5 million clove trees accounting for over 70% of the world’s supply, most of which are grown on Pemba Island. There are also over 5 million coconut trees, mostly concentrated on Zanzibar Island. Other crops include rice, cassava, sugarcane, and fruits. The industry mainly focuses on clove oil extraction and coconut processing.      The capital, Zanzibar City, is located on the western coast of Zanzibar Island and serves as the administrative, economic, and transportation hub of the region. It has a population of about 150,000. Established in the early centuries AD, it was once an important trading port along the East African coast before experiencing a period of decline. In the early 19th century, it became a center for the slave trade, and maritime trade flourished again. In 1824, Sultan Said ibn Sultan established his capital here. It is now an important transshipment port in East Africa, with thriving entrepôt trade. Industries include clove oil extraction, coconut processing, farm machinery repair, leather goods, and shoe manufacturing. It is the world’s largest exporter of cloves and clove oil. The city also has an international airport.

　　 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania