Ancient Ruins

Ancient Ruins

Ancient ruins are cultural tourism attractions.

Ancient Ruins

Dayingzi Site: Located 1.5 km west of Dayingzi Village, Yilongyong Township, on Xiliang. The site covers an area of 3,000 square meters. Stone tools collected from the surface include stone hoes, stone axes, and fragments of sandy brown pottery, with the main decorative pattern being impressed "zigzag" lines, belonging to the Xinglongwa culture type.

Liushudi Site: Located 40° southeast of Daliushudi Village, Yilongyong Township. The site extends from northwest to southeast, from the east of Daliushudi Village to the southeast of Xiejia Yingzi Village. A large number of three-legged vessels, rims, body walls, and stone axes have been found on the surface, belonging to the Hongshan culture type.

Mandetu Site: The site is located at the edge of a dried-up marsh in Mandetu Village, Zhian Town, at the base of a sand dune area. A large number of red painted pottery fragments (some with black stripe decorations) and sandy "zigzag" pattern pottery fragments have been discovered. Pottery items include plates, urns, and jars; stone tools include axes, arrowheads, and grinding plates; bone tools include bone awls and knives, among dozens of types, as well as some larger production tools. Similar Hongshan culture sites and relics have also been found in Naiman Banner in Sumu (townships) such as Guri Banhua, Zhanggutai, Tuenenta La, Bagaborihuo, Nailin, Hote, Weiliansu, and Ping’andi.

Shangshibei Village Site: The site is located in Shangshibei Village, Baiyinchang Township. Collected artifacts include pottery li tripods, pottery vessels, and pottery jars, made of sandy brown pottery, mostly hand-made and decorated with cord patterns or left plain, all belonging to the Lower Xiajiadian culture of the region.

Through multiple cultural relic surveys, this type of cultural site has been found across a large area in Naiman’s Yilongyong Township, Mojiawanzi in Qinglongshan Town, … (text truncated)

Kougen Village Site: The site is located 2.5 km southeast of Xinzhen Township. Artifacts unearthed include folded-belly jars, four-handled red pottery jars, stone axes, bronze ge weapons, and bronze knives. The presence of bronze items, though not numerous, indicates the early use of bronze weaponry. With the advent of bronze tools gradually replacing stone ones, this is a site of the Upper Xiajiadian culture type. Ancient City Sites

Tuchengzi Ancient City: The ancient city is located 0.5 km southwest of Tuchengzi Village, Tuchengzi Township. The city is flanked by gullies to the east and west, and terraces to the north and south. The ancient city is nearly square-shaped and relatively intact, with a perimeter of 1,419 meters. The city walls are 4–6 meters high and 10–14 meters wide at the base, all built from rammed earth slabs, with gates to the north and south. The city contains a large number of pottery shards and architectural components from the Warring States and Qin-Han periods. It is believed that this city was the seat of the Xin’anping County during the Han Dynasty.

Shanbaoyingzi Ancient City: Shanbaoyingzi Ancient City is located 0.5 km southeast of Shanbaoyingzi Village, Nanwanzi Township, Naiman Banner. It lies 30 km north of the Yan Great Wall, … (text truncated) on the northeastern edge of the Inner Mongolia Plain. The city faces northwest to southeast. The city wall is 1350 meters in circumference, with sections 8–9 meters wide and 3–4 meters high on the eastern, western, and northern sides. In 1973, the Jilin Provincial Archaeological Team conducted exploratory drilling and excavations at the ancient city, unearthing over 2,000 historical relics from the Yan, Qin, and Han periods, including a fragment of an edict on a pottery vessel inscribed with Qin Shi Huang’s decree on the standardization of weights and measures in the 26th year of his reign. It is believed that this city was the seat of Wencheng County, one of the six counties of Liaoxi Commandery abandoned during the Later Han Dynasty.

Ximengjiaduan Ancient City: The ancient city is located approximately 1 km north of Ximengjiaduan Village, Ping’andi Township. About 1.5 km northeast of the village lies the confluence of the Laoha River and the Xar Moron River. The city structure has been eroded by the river, its outline indiscernible, leaving only scattered broken bricks and tiles. It is believed that this city was the former site of Longhua Prefecture during the Liao Dynasty.

Wujianfang Fortress: Wujianfang Fortress is situated on an earthen mound surrounded by mountains, 4 km southeast of the ancient city in Tuchengzi Township. It is about 250 meters east of Wujianfang Village. The fortress is square-shaped, with rammed earth slab walls on the east, west, and north sides. The southern side connects to a beacon tower. The southern and eastern sides of the beacon tower face deep valleys. This site has yielded many artifacts from the Warring States, Qin, and Han periods.

Through multiple cultural relic surveys, other Liao Dynasty ancient cities in Naiman Banner include Jiujuzi Ancient City Site in Baiyinchang Township, Banlachengzi Ancient Site in Nanwanzi Township, Sheli Hu Ancient City Site in Taihe Township, and Pianpo Yingzi Ancient City Site in Taihe Township. Ancient Tombs

Tomb of Princess Chen Guo and Her Husband: Located on the southern slope of the mountain west of Sibuge Tu Village, 10 km northeast of Qinglongshan Town. The tomb owners were Princess Chen Guo of the Yelü clan, niece of Emperor Shengzong of the Liao Dynasty, and her husband Xiao Shaoju, brother of Empress Qitian of Emperor Shengzong, who had served as Taoning Military Commissioner and Imperial Tutor. The princess died in 1018 at the age of 18.

On June 6, 1986, the excavation was led by the Inner Mongolia Archaeological Institute and took 65 days. The tomb consists of a passageway, a central shaft, an antechamber, eastern and western side chambers, and a rear chamber. The tomb is 16.4 meters long north to south. The passageway is 6.5 meters long on the diagonal; the antechamber is 3.48 meters north to south, 1.93 meters east to west, and 2.65 meters high; the main chamber is oval, with a short axis (east-west diameter) of 4.38 meters. Murals are painted on the eastern and western sides of the passageway, and on the eastern and western walls and ceiling of the antechamber. Mural subjects include figures, horses, cranes, clouds, sun, moon, and stars. The rear chamber has a brick-built sarcophagus bed, where the bodies of the princess and her husband lie with heads to the east and feet to the west, supine and straight-limbed, with silver pillows under their heads, wearing silver-threaded nets, gold masks, silver boots, and adorned with jade pendants, sashes, and gold sachets. A total of 3,227 items (sets) were buried as grave goods, many crafted from precious materials such as gold, silver, jade, agate, amber, and pearls, using about 1,700 grams of gold and over 10,000 grams of silver. The grave goods are rich and diverse, well-preserved, and some are unique discoveries. Representative items include a gold-inlaid silver crown, a gold mask, a silver-threaded net, gold-flower silver boots, an amber pendant, a jade-handled silver knife, a gold belt hook, a silver belt with dangling ornaments, a carved gold sachet, a gold bracelet with entwined floral patterns, a gold-flower silver pillow, a glass bottle with nipple patterns, a crystal cup with a chain handle, an amber ornament of a Hu person taming a lion, an amber mandarin duck, a jade double-fish pendant, animal-shaped jade pendants, a green-glazed long-neck bottle, a flared-mouth white porcelain bowl, a gold-inlaid iron stirrup, and a jade-decorated horse breast strap.

Houshuangshanzi Tomb Cluster: Located 12 km northeast of Xinzhen Township. In the autumn of 1990, while building terraced ridges, villagers of Houshuangshanzi Village discovered human bones and some pottery. After excavation by cultural authorities, over 100 tombs were found. They belong to the Lower Xiajiadian tomb cluster, a well-ordered, clan-based burial ground, yielding over 300 pottery items such as li tripods, jars, pots, and dou vessels.

Xiadi Ancient Tomb Cluster: The tomb cluster is located on a terrace in Xiadi Village, 7 km northwest of Qinglongshan Town. The tombs feature supine burials, with stone-built walls and stone slab roofs. Burial objects include pottery li tripods, jars, and vessels made of sandy loam brown pottery, decorated with cord patterns or left plain.

Xingshuyuanzi Village Tomb Cluster: The tomb cluster is located on a small hill north of Xingshuyuanzi Village, 10 km northeast of Baiyinchang Township. Excavations have yielded pottery li tripods, dou vessels, li feet, and pottery shards, all made of sandy brown pottery, mostly decorated with cord patterns.

Jiujuzi Ancient Tomb: Dating to the Liao Dynasty, it is located about 200 m northeast of Jiujuzi Village, Baiyinchang Township. In the autumn of 1991, during the digging of fish-scale pits, the tomb was unearthed. It had been looted earlier, filled with soil, and all porcelain inside was damaged. After restoration, over 40 artifacts were recovered. The stone coffin’s relief art and the damaged Ding kiln porcelain are considered exceptional examples of Liao Dynasty craftsmanship.

Yan Great Wall: The section within Naiman Banner is about 125 km long. The Yan Great Wall enters Naiman Banner from the western ridge of Gaogangou, Tuchengzi Township, after extending from Heyehua Gacha, Baoguotu Sumu, Aohan Banner, Chifeng, passing through Tangfang, Weitanggou, Qijiazi, and Xingshuyuanzi Villages, reaching … (text truncated) and continuing for another 10 km into Hebei Province before turning and proceeding along the northern foothills, entering Dayushu Village of Xinzhen Township, then passing through Kougen, Haragan Tu, and Chaoyanggou, extending into Xixiawa of Ping’an Township, Kulun Banner. The wall is built from rammed earth slabs, currently 6 m wide at the base and 1–6 m in remaining height, with fortresses, beacon towers, and passes along its length.

Heshuomiao Pagoda: Located in Zhanggutai Sumu, built in the mid-Qing Dynasty, it is a key cultural relic protected at the autonomous region level. The pagoda is built from blue bricks, stands approximately 13 m tall, and is about 6 m wide at the base. It is round on top and square at the bottom, divided into five tiers. The upper two tiers are round, featuring a bronze finial band, thirteen disks, and Buddha eyes. The Buddha eyes face the four cardinal directions and house four Buddha statues, the foremost being Tsongkhapa, founder of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. The lower three tiers are square, each with several Buddha reliefs, neatly arranged and aesthetically pleasing.

Tomb Epitaph of the Liao Dynasty Princess Chen Guo and Her Husband: The epitaph is placed in the center of the antechamber of the tomb. The stone material is green sandstone. The cover and base form a square, 89 cm per side and 28 cm in total height. The cover is arched, with the central high point at 16 cm. The four sloped surfaces of the cover are carved with the twelve zodiac figures—each figure wears a zodiac animal atop their head, a long robe, and holds a ceremonial tablet in front of their chest, standing slightly sideways to the right. Each corner is carved with a peony flower. The flat square top is 50 cm per side, with the eight large seal characters “故陈国公主墓志铭” (“Epitaph of the Late Princess Chen Guo”) inscribed in three vertical lines in intaglio. The stone base is 12 cm thick, with double-lined borders on all four sides filled with geometric patterns. Inside the borders are 27 lines of regular script Chinese text, totaling 513 characters, written neatly and clearly.