Fuyu Da Jin Bei National Wetland Park

Fuyu Da Jin Bei National Wetland Park

Fuyu Da Jin Bei National Wetland Park is a national-level wetland park.

Fuyu Da Jin Bei National Wetland Park is situated within Desheng Town, Fuyu County, approximately 1.5 km northeast of Shibeicun. It borders the Fuyu Floodplain Wetland Nature Reserve of Jilin Province to the northeast, lies about 6 km from the southern bank of the Songhua River to the north, and about 5 km from the western bank of the Lalin River to the east. The geographical coordinates are between 125°30′57″ to 125°39′56″ east longitude and 45°17′37″ to 45°24′02″ north latitude, covering a total area of 3,068.4 hectares. Influenced by neotectonic movements, the surrounding rivers have eroded and cut through the landscape, forming interfluve plateaus that rise 20–80 m above the riverbeds. Flatlands with slopes under 5° account for 99.19% of the total area. The elevation of the river valley plains along the rivers ranges from 125 to 155 m, sloping from upstream to downstream with a relative height difference generally of 3–5 m. The climate in the wetland park area is classified as temperate subhumid monsoon.

Fuyu Da Jin Bei Wetland Park was established in 2009 and was also approved as a provincial-level scenic area.

The wetland area spans 2,780.6 hectares, accounting for 90.6% of the park’s total area. Within the wetland area, artificial lakes cover 955.5 hectares (34.4%), distributed from the southwest boundary of the park in a northwest-to-southeast orientation; natural ponds cover 119.6 hectares (4.3%), located between Jin Taizu Lake and Nüzhen Lake; artificial wetlands (paddy fields) cover 1,421.5 hectares (51.1%), mainly in the northeast of Jin Taizu Lake and Nüzhen Lake; marshes cover 59.6 hectares (2.1%); wet grasslands cover 224.3 hectares (8.1%), primarily in the southeast of the park.

The original Da Jin Bei Wetland was a natural lake and marsh wetland. Later, an artificial canal—Yinla River—was dug from the Lalin River, leading to the construction of four artificial lakes: Longyan Lake, Desheng Tuo Lake, Jin Taizu Lake, and Nüzhen Lake, forming the vast Yinla Irrigation District. Due to the low elevation and flat terrain of the region, with minimal river drop and weak erosive but strong corrosive capabilities, the rivers meander with poor drainage. Additionally, the surface has dense Quaternary sediments with very low permeability, making it difficult for surface water to drain or infiltrate, thus forming extensive wetlands. Over the years, natural seepage from the four artificial lakes has further expanded the wetland area. After more than half a century of ecological succession, the present-day Da Jin Bei Wetland was formed. Due to the park’s proximity to the Songhua and Lalin Rivers and its low-lying terrain, surface water flow and groundwater recharge have enriched the wetland with abundant nutrients, creating favorable ecological conditions for wildlife and human habitation.

The wetland park hosts a total of 358 plant species across 66 families. Among these, there are 3 species in 2 families of ferns; 264 species in 51 families of dicotyledonous seed plants; and 91 species in 13 families of monocotyledonous seed plants. The wild plant resources include one species of nationally protected plant at Level II: wild soybean.

Among the wildlife resources, there are 21 species under national key protection, including 2 species at Level I: the Oriental stork and the red-crowned crane; and 19 species at Level II: the Eurasian spoonbill, greater white-fronted goose, whooper swan, mandarin duck, northern goshawk, Eurasian sparrowhawk, common buzzard, steppe eagle, greater spotted eagle, white-tailed eagle, hen harrier, merlin, red-footed falcon, common kestrel, grey crane, little curlew, Eurasian woodcock, long-eared owl, and short-eared owl.

The main river in the park is the Yinla River, an artificial canal drawn from the Lalin River. The park is rich in surface water resources, with Jin Taizu Lake, Longyan Lake, Desheng Tuo Lake, Nüzhen Lake, and over ten large and small ponds. Thus, the park’s ecological water supply is well ensured.

The Da Jin Desheng Tuo Song Stele was designated as a provincial-level key cultural relic protection unit by the Jilin Provincial People's Government in 1961, and was listed as a national-level key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council in 1998. It was erected in the 25th year of the Dading era of the Jin Dynasty (1185 AD) by Emperor Shizong Wanyan Yong, the fifth ruler of the Jin Dynasty, to commemorate his ancestors’ struggles and the victory over the Liao Dynasty. The stele is carved from bluestone, standing 328 cm tall and consisting of three parts: the top, body, and base. The top is rectangular, 79 cm high and 100 cm wide, adorned with four symmetrical coiled dragons along its edges, with heads downward, bodies intertwined, mouths open and eyes fierce—all lines smooth, vivid, and lifelike. Between the two coiled dragons on the front, six seal-script characters “大金得胜陀颂” (“Ode to the Da Jin Victory Ground”) are inscribed in two rows, penned by Jin Dynasty calligrapher Dang Huaiying. The body of the stele is 177 cm tall, 85 cm wide, and 31 cm thick, with 815 characters (30 lines, the longest line containing 79 characters) inscribed on the front, including a preface and poem commemorating the establishment of the stele and praising the lasting legacy of the imperial reign. The edges of the stele body are decorated with vine motifs, while the back features Jurchen script. The 30 lines of text on the back contain 60–70 characters per line, totaling over 1,500 characters. The base is a tortoise-shaped pedestal, 72 cm high, 97 cm wide, and 160 cm long, weighing over a thousand jin, designed in the style of Central Plains stele bases.

The park is surrounded by Daweng Mountain encircling Jin Taizu Lake. Both Buddhism and Taoism regard it as a geomantically auspicious site, where religious structures such as Sanqing Palace and Sanshan Temple have been built. The unique natural wetland landscape, profound historical and cultural heritage, and rich religious culture of Jilin Fuyu Da Jin Bei Wetland Park give the park its distinctive character. Centered around wetland scenery and integrating both natural and cultural elements, it serves as a carrier of ecological, scientific, educational, and other natural and historical values. It holds significant historical, cultural, artistic, aesthetic, and scientific value, and is crucial for the study of wetland environmental evolution, paleogeography, and ancient cultures. It is essential for the protection of biodiversity, historical relics, religious culture, and the development of ecotourism, making it highly valuable for both preservation and development.

Desheng Town: Desheng Town is located in Fuyu County, Songyuan City, Jilin. It governs:

220724111200 121 Desheng Village

220724111201 122 Qianyang Village

220724111202 122 Linhe Village

220724111203 122 Niuyingzi Village

220724111204 122 Xiaojia Village

220724111205 122 Xiaoweizi Village

220724111206 122 Hejiang Village …… Detailed information of Desheng Town++