Arrival and Transit

During normal times, the main international gateway to Sudan is Khartoum International Airport (KRT), with Port Sudan International Airport (PZU) on the Red Sea coast serving as another option. Most international flights connect via Cairo, Dubai, Istanbul, or Addis Ababa. Following the outbreak of conflict in 2023, Khartoum Airport was temporarily closed, making Port Sudan the primary point of entry and exit. Travelers should follow the latest official announcements and consult their embassy or consulate for current entry arrangements.

Urban Transport

• Taxis and Rickshaws: Taxis, rickshaws, and minibuses operate between Khartoum, Omdurman, and Bahri. Fares are low, but visitors are advised to arrange transport through their hosts or tour operators.
• Private Transfers and Drivers: For intercity travel and trips to historical sites, private car hire with a driver is the norm. Desert routes require reliable vehicles equipped with spare fuel and drinking water.
• Crossing Bridges: The three cities are connected by several bridges, which experience significant congestion during peak hours. Allow extra time when planning itineraries.

Inter-city Travel and Roads

Sudan’s main road arteries include routes from Khartoum to Port Sudan, Khartoum to Atbara and Kassala, and desert roads running northward along the Nile. Most historical sites are located in the Nile Valley and require private transfers with guides. In summer, desert roads can become extremely hot with few supply points—avoid traveling at midday and carry ample water and spare tires. Southern roads may become flooded and impassable during the rainy season.

Red Sea and Ports

Port Sudan is the country’s most important maritime gateway, handling the majority of foreign trade and serving as a hub for Red Sea diving. Travel between Port Sudan and Khartoum is typically done by plane or long-distance private transfer, as road journeys are long and require a full day. For boat trips and diving activities in the Red Sea, choose licensed operators and follow coral reef protection regulations.

Practical Advice

• During the conflict, all travel arrangements should be confirmed in real time regarding safety conditions and border status. Avoid independent long-distance travel.
• Carry your passport and necessary permits at all times, comply with military area access restrictions, and do not take photos of bridges, ports, or airports.
• Reminder: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has issued multiple safety advisories advising against travel to Sudan.
• In case of emergency, contact your country’s embassy or consulate in Sudan, or the global consular emergency hotline of your foreign ministry.