Madagascar is an ecological island in the Indian Ocean, with road conditions, ATM availability, and sanitation standards that differ significantly from many popular travel destinations. Understanding cash, mosquito protection, road conditions, and local customs in advance will allow you to focus more on lemurs, baobabs, and island scenery. The following ten key details cover pre-trip and on-the-ground essentials—worth checking off one by one before you go.

1. Cash is king: ATMs are scarce in scenic areas and remote regions. Carry enough Malagasy ariary for your itinerary and distribute it in different places. Farmers and drivers often only accept cash.
2. Spend it before you leave: The ariary is not exchangeable abroad. Try to use up all remaining cash at the airport before departure, as it’s hard to exchange once you’re back home.
3. Avoid going out at night: Plan long-distance travel and urban movement during the day. Avoid going out alone at night, and don’t carry valuables in one place.
4. Go into parks with a guide: National parks and protected areas require a licensed guide. Follow park regulations—do not feed or disturb wildlife.
5. Respect fady: Always ask for permission before entering villages or sacred sites. Ask before taking photos of people, and be aware that some situations may require a fee for photography.
6. Prevent mosquitoes and malaria: Take mosquito prevention measures. Use preventive medication if advised by a doctor. Drink bottled water and pay attention to food hygiene.
7. Watch for cyclones: From November to March is cyclone season. Monitor weather and flight changes for eastern areas and allow buffer time.
8. European plugs: Voltage is 220V, with mostly European-style two-round-pin sockets. Bring an adapter. Power supply can be unstable in remote areas, so a power bank is recommended.
9. Pack everything you need: Bring sunscreen, rain gear, hiking shoes, and common medications. Rainforest paths can be slippery, and mornings can be cool, so pack a light jacket.
10. Emergency numbers: Police 117, ambulance 118. Also save contact information for embassies/consulates, travel agencies, and hotels.