1. Take altitude seriously: The entire country lies above 1,000 metres, and hiking areas are over 2,500 metres. On your first day after arrival, take it easy, drink plenty of water, avoid alcohol, and rest promptly if you experience headaches or insomnia.
2. Sun protection is essential: UV radiation is extremely strong at high altitudes — even on cloudy days. Always apply sunscreen, and don’t forget sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat.
3. Carry enough cash: Outside Maseru, credit card acceptance is almost nonexistent. Hiking trips, 4x4 tours, and visits to herder villages all require cash payment. Smaller denominations of South African Rand are most useful.
4. Road conditions over itinerary: Mountain passes can close unexpectedly in winter. Check road conditions with your accommodation every morning, and build at least half a day of flexibility into your schedule.
5. Choose the right 4x4 tour: The Sani Pass can only be accessed in vehicles operated by licensed tour operators. Book in advance with operators in Underberg town, and if you’re prone to motion sickness, sit in the front seat and bring medication.
6. Understand the blanket culture: Blankets are a symbol of Basotho identity, with different patterns representing various life stages. When buying, go to certified handwoven blanket centres where prices are transparent and negotiable.
7. Pony trekking safety: Choose reputable camps for pony trekking — a helmet and the presence of a guide are non-negotiable. Lean forward or backward as instructed by your guide on slopes, and never unfasten the reins for photos.
8. Yield to livestock: If you encounter cattle, horses or donkeys on the road, stop and wait. Accident rates are high on unlit mountain roads, and you should never drive at night.
9. Insurance and evacuation coverage: Purchase travel insurance that includes high-altitude medical care and helicopter evacuation. Serious cases may require transfer to South Africa for treatment. Private clinics in Maseru can handle basic medical needs.
10. Warm clothing and snacks: Day-night temperature differences often exceed 15°C. Bring fleece and waterproof outerwear year-round. For hiking days, pack energy bars, nuts and chocolate per person.

Additional notes: Peak times for immigration at Maseru are weekends and around South African public holidays — expect long queues at the Maseru Bridge border post. If visiting Afriski in winter, ski gear can be rented on-site, but gloves and goggles are best brought from home. Local voltage is 220V with South African-style plugs. Bring extra batteries for cameras and drones, as charging options are limited in remote accommodations. Inform your family or hotel reception of your travel plans before setting out.

When buying blankets, ask artisans about the meaning of the patterns to add a personal story to your souvenir. Highland areas are very windy and clothes take longer to dry. For long hikes, pack extra quick-dry underwear. Drink only boiled or bottled water — mountain streams and water collected in tanks are not safe to drink untreated. Boiling water is the safest option for making tea.